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>>> HELLO, EVERYONE. I'M ALAN FISHER.
I'M ALAN FISHER. ON THIS ISSUE OF AZ SCIENCE
ON THIS ISSUE OF AZ SCIENCE WE'LL TELL YOU ABOUT AN ONGOING
WE'LL TELL YOU ABOUT AN ONGOING CONFLICT WITH PAL LEON TOLL LOW
CONFLICT WITH PAL LEON TOLL LOW GISTS AND SCIENTISTS.
GISTS AND SCIENTISTS. A TOOL YOU CAN USE TO LOCATE
A TOOL YOU CAN USE TO LOCATE LOCAL RESOURCES.
LOCAL RESOURCES. HERE'S A LOOK AT TODAY'S TOP
HERE'S A LOOK AT TODAY'S TOP STORIES.
STORIES. >> GOVERNOR JAN BREWER IS BACK
>> GOVERNOR JAN BREWER IS BACK IN ARIZONA AND FACES A FIRESTORM
IN ARIZONA AND FACES A FIRESTORM SURROUNDING SENATE BILL 1062,
SURROUNDING SENATE BILL 1062, THE BILL ALLOWING BUSINESSES TO
THE BILL ALLOWING BUSINESSES TO REFUSE SERVICE TO ANYONE BASED
REFUSE SERVICE TO ANYONE BASED ON RELIGIOUS CONVICTION.
ON RELIGIOUS CONVICTION. A NEW POLL BY A REPUBLICAN
A NEW POLL BY A REPUBLICAN CONSULTING FIRM FINDS THAT 57%
CONSULTING FIRM FINDS THAT 57% OF REPUBLICANS WANT THE GOVERNOR
OF REPUBLICANS WANT THE GOVERNOR TO VETO THE BILL.
TO VETO THE BILL. THE POLL WAS TAKEN MONDAY NIGHT.
THE POLL WAS TAKEN MONDAY NIGHT. QUESTIONERS SPOKE TO REGISTERED
QUESTIONERS SPOKE TO REGISTERED REPUBLICANS WHO VOTED IN THE
REPUBLICANS WHO VOTED IN THE LAST TWO PRIMARY ELECTIONS.
LAST TWO PRIMARY ELECTIONS. NEARLY 28% OF THOSE POLLED WANT
NEARLY 28% OF THOSE POLLED WANT THE GOVERNOR TO SIGN THE BILL
THE GOVERNOR TO SIGN THE BILL INTO LAW AND 15% HAD NO OPINION.
INTO LAW AND 15% HAD NO OPINION. THE POLL HAD A 4 POINT MARGIN OF
THE POLL HAD A 4 POINT MARGIN OF ERROR.
ERROR. THE PEMA COUNTY HEALTH
THE PEMA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT RECENTLY ADDED A NEW
DEPARTMENT RECENTLY ADDED A NEW MAPPING TOOL TO ITS WEBSITE TO
MAPPING TOOL TO ITS WEBSITE TO HELP RESIDENTS LOCATE AFFORDABLE
HELP RESIDENTS LOCATE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT INFORMATION IN THE
CARE ACT INFORMATION IN THE COMMUNITY.
COMMUNITY. IT ALLOWED PEOPLE TO GET
IT ALLOWED PEOPLE TO GET ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE AS WELL AS
ENROLLMENT ASSISTANCE AS WELL AS GET ANSWERS TO HEALTH INSURANCE
GET ANSWERS TO HEALTH INSURANCE QUESTIONS.
QUESTIONS. THE IDEA BEHIND THE MAP IS TO
THE IDEA BEHIND THE MAP IS TO IDENTIFY LOCATIONS CLOSE TO
IDENTIFY LOCATIONS CLOSE TO PEOPLE'S HOMES WHERE THEY CAN GO
PEOPLE'S HOMES WHERE THEY CAN GO FOR THE HELP.
FOR THE HELP. THERE'S ALSO A PHONE NUMBER FOR
THERE'S ALSO A PHONE NUMBER FOR THOSE WHO WOULD RATHER SPEAK TO
THOSE WHO WOULD RATHER SPEAK TO A PERSON DIRECTLY.
A PERSON DIRECTLY. >>> TUCSON MAYOR JONATHAN
>>> TUCSON MAYOR JONATHAN ROTHCHILD WILL GIVE HIS STATE OF
ROTHCHILD WILL GIVE HIS STATE OF THE CITY SPEECH TOMORROW LAYING
THE CITY SPEECH TOMORROW LAYING OUT GOALS FOR NEXT YEAR.
OUT GOALS FOR NEXT YEAR. FIXING THE CITY'S
FIXING THE CITY'S INFRASTRUCTURE, NOTABLY ITS
INFRASTRUCTURE, NOTABLY ITS ROADS, WAS A PRIORITY FOR
ROADS, WAS A PRIORITY FOR ROTHCHILD IN HIS 2012 AND 2013
ROTHCHILD IN HIS 2012 AND 2013 STATE OF THE CITY SPEECHES.
STATE OF THE CITY SPEECHES. BOTH OF THOSE CAME BEFORE THE
BOTH OF THOSE CAME BEFORE THE CITY STARTED A VOTER APPROVED
CITY STARTED A VOTER APPROVED PROGRAM TO SPEND $20 MILLION A
PROGRAM TO SPEND $20 MILLION A YEAR ON ROAD REPAIR FOR FIVE
YEAR ON ROAD REPAIR FOR FIVE YEARS.
YEARS. THE MAYOR HAS ADVOCATED FOR
THE MAYOR HAS ADVOCATED FOR ANNEXATION AND INCORPORATION IN
ANNEXATION AND INCORPORATION IN ORDER TO GET MORE REVENUE FOR
ORDER TO GET MORE REVENUE FOR STATE COIFFEURS.
STATE COIFFEURS. IN THE PAST THEY HAVE NOT
IN THE PAST THEY HAVE NOT CONSIDERED ANY MAJOR ANNEXATION
CONSIDERED ANY MAJOR ANNEXATION OR ATTEMPTS TO BUY COUNTY LAND.
OR ATTEMPTS TO BUY COUNTY LAND. THAT'S A LOOK AT TONIGHT'S
THAT'S A LOOK AT TONIGHT'S HEADLINES.
>>> TUCSONANS AND THE OUT OF TOWN VISITORS THAT WENT TO THE
TOWN VISITORS THAT WENT TO THE GEM SHOWS MAY HAVE COME ACROSS
GEM SHOWS MAY HAVE COME ACROSS ONE TREASURE.
ONE TREASURE. VANESSA BARTFIELD REPORTS ON THE
VANESSA BARTFIELD REPORTS ON THE UNIQUE FIND AND THE CONTROVERSY
UNIQUE FIND AND THE CONTROVERSY BEHIND IT.
BEHIND IT. >> AMONG THE MOST PRECIOUS FINDS
>> AMONG THE MOST PRECIOUS FINDS AT THIS YEAR'S GEM AND MINERAL
AT THIS YEAR'S GEM AND MINERAL SHOW WERE THE FOSSILIZED
SHOW WERE THE FOSSILIZED FEATURES THAT ROMED THE EARTH
FEATURES THAT ROMED THE EARTH MORE THAN 65,000 YEARS AGO.
MORE THAN 65,000 YEARS AGO. >> IT'S INCREDIBLE.
>> IT'S INCREDIBLE. IT GIVES ME GOOSE BUMPS LIKE
IT GIVES ME GOOSE BUMPS LIKE GOOD MUSIC.
GOOD MUSIC. >> YEAH, ME, TOO.
>> YEAH, ME, TOO. >> THE TYRANN ANY SAWYER RUSS
>> THE TYRANN ANY SAWYER RUSS REX STATUE IS THERE AND HIS NAME
REX STATUE IS THERE AND HIS NAME IS RUSSELL AND HE'S FOR SALE.
IS RUSSELL AND HE'S FOR SALE. RUSSELL WAS ON DISPLAY IN A
RUSSELL WAS ON DISPLAY IN A SHOWROOM BY TUCSON BASED GE
SHOWROOM BY TUCSON BASED GE GEO DECOR.
GEO DECOR. IT EXCAVATES DINOSAURS AS A
IT EXCAVATES DINOSAURS AS A RANGE OF PREHISTORIC FOSSILS.
RANGE OF PREHISTORIC FOSSILS. >> IT'S THE FINEST MASTER PIECES
>> IT'S THE FINEST MASTER PIECES THE EARTH HAS EVER PRODUCED
THE EARTH HAS EVER PRODUCED NATURALLY AND TOOK THEM FROM
NATURALLY AND TOOK THEM FROM BEING A MUSEUM SPECIMEN TO BEING
BEING A MUSEUM SPECIMEN TO BEING APPRECIATED AS ART.
APPRECIATED AS ART. >> HE SELLS HIS PIECES TO
>> HE SELLS HIS PIECES TO MUSEUMS, CORPORATIONS AND THE
MUSEUMS, CORPORATIONS AND THE PUBLIC.
PUBLIC. HE HAS SOME SMALL AFFORDABLE
HE HAS SOME SMALL AFFORDABLE FOSSILS BUT MOST OF HIS PIECES
FOSSILS BUT MOST OF HIS PIECES GO TO THE SUPER RICH.
GO TO THE SUPER RICH. THE COMPANY'S WEBSITE SHOWCASES
THE COMPANY'S WEBSITE SHOWCASES A PORTFOLIO OF CUSTOM MURIELS
A PORTFOLIO OF CUSTOM MURIELS AND MOSAICS.
AND MOSAICS. PREHISTORIC FISH AND PLANTS ARE
PREHISTORIC FISH AND PLANTS ARE HANGING ABOVE LUSH INDOOR POOLS.
HANGING ABOVE LUSH INDOOR POOLS. >> IT'S SO MUCH FUN TO WALK INTO
>> IT'S SO MUCH FUN TO WALK INTO A BUILDING IN SOUTHERN
A BUILDING IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
CALIFORNIA. YOU COME INTO THE LOBBY AND
YOU COME INTO THE LOBBY AND SUDDENLY THERE'S A HUGE SCHOOL
SUDDENLY THERE'S A HUGE SCHOOL OF FOSSIL FISHES SWIMMING ACROSS
OF FOSSIL FISHES SWIMMING ACROSS THE WALL IN THE LIMESTONE THAT
THE WALL IN THE LIMESTONE THAT WERE I PUT IN IN 1990.
WERE I PUT IN IN 1990. RUSSELL'S PRICE TAG IS THE FIRST
RUSSELL'S PRICE TAG IS THE FIRST TYRANN ANY SAWYER RUSS REX IN
TYRANN ANY SAWYER RUSS REX IN THE SHOWROOM.
THE SHOWROOM. HE SITS IN THE MIDST OF A
HE SITS IN THE MIDST OF A BREWING CONFLICT BETWEEN
BREWING CONFLICT BETWEEN COMMERCIAL COLLECTORS WHO SELL
COMMERCIAL COLLECTORS WHO SELL THEIR PIECES TO THE HIGHEST
THEIR PIECES TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER AND PAL LEON TOLL LOW
BIDDER AND PAL LEON TOLL LOW GISTS WHO STRESS THE IMPORTANCE
GISTS WHO STRESS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ANCIENT FOSSILS.
OF THE ANCIENT FOSSILS. HE'S AN OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF THE
HE'S AN OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF THE SALES OF DINOSAUR BONES.
SALES OF DINOSAUR BONES. >> FOSSILS ARE IMPORTANT IN
>> FOSSILS ARE IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF THE INFORMATION THAT
TERMS OF THE INFORMATION THAT THEY CONTAIN AND ABOUT EXTINCT
THEY CONTAIN AND ABOUT EXTINCT LIFE AND WHEN SUCH FOSSILS ARE
LIFE AND WHEN SUCH FOSSILS ARE SOLD TO PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS,
SOLD TO PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS, THAT INFORMATION IS FOREVER
THAT INFORMATION IS FOREVER LOST.
LOST. >> UNDER U.S. LAW THE COLLECTION
>> UNDER U.S. LAW THE COLLECTION OF FOSSILS ON PUBLIC LAND IS
OF FOSSILS ON PUBLIC LAND IS RESTRICTED TO QUALIFIED
RESTRICTED TO QUALIFIED RESEARCHERS WITH PERMITS.
RESEARCHERS WITH PERMITS. THE SALE OF PIECES COLLECTED ON
THE SALE OF PIECES COLLECTED ON THOSE LANDS IS STRICTLY
THOSE LANDS IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED BUT FOSSILS FOUND ON
PROHIBITED BUT FOSSILS FOUND ON PRIVATE LAND ARE PRIVATE
PRIVATE LAND ARE PRIVATE PROPERTY.
PROPERTY. FOSSIL HUNDERS PAY LICENSING
FOSSIL HUNDERS PAY LICENSING FEES TO LAND FOSSILS IN AREAS
FEES TO LAND FOSSILS IN AREAS SUCH AS MONTANA AND WYOMING.
SUCH AS MONTANA AND WYOMING. >> COMMERCIAL TRADERS CAN SELL
>> COMMERCIAL TRADERS CAN SELL THE PIECES TO WHOMEVER THEY
THE PIECES TO WHOMEVER THEY CHOOSE.
CHOOSE. >> IN THE UNITED STATES, WE HAVE
>> IN THE UNITED STATES, WE HAVE A RIGHT TO SELL, KEEP, DISPLAY
A RIGHT TO SELL, KEEP, DISPLAY WHATEVER WE WANT TO AS LONG AS
WHATEVER WE WANT TO AS LONG AS IT'S OUR PERSONAL PROPERTY.
IT'S OUR PERSONAL PROPERTY. IF WE WANT TO SHARE THIS WITH
IF WE WANT TO SHARE THIS WITH SCIENCE, ALL THE BETTER FOR
SCIENCE, ALL THE BETTER FOR SCIENCE.
SCIENCE. BUT THE MORE SCIENCES PUSH US,
BUT THE MORE SCIENCES PUSH US, THE LESS WE WILL BE WILLING TO
THE LESS WE WILL BE WILLING TO WORK.
WORK. >> LIND GREN SAYS DESPITE
>> LIND GREN SAYS DESPITE STRAINED RELATIONS WITH THE
STRAINED RELATIONS WITH THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY, HE DOESN'T
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY, HE DOESN'T SELL SCIENTIFICALLY IMPORTANT
SELL SCIENTIFICALLY IMPORTANT PIECES TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER, HE
PIECES TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER, HE GIVES ACCESS TO RESEARCHERS AND
GIVES ACCESS TO RESEARCHERS AND MUSEUMS.
MUSEUMS. >> WE'VE DONE EVERYTHING WE
>> WE'VE DONE EVERYTHING WE POSSIBLY THINK WE CAN TO MAKE
POSSIBLY THINK WE CAN TO MAKE SURE THAT IF IT'S AN IMPORTANT
SURE THAT IF IT'S AN IMPORTANT SPECIMEN FOR SCIENCE WE GIVE
SPECIMEN FOR SCIENCE WE GIVE THEM EVERY OPPORTUNITY TO
THEM EVERY OPPORTUNITY TO ACTUALLY PUT THAT SCIENCE TO THE
ACTUALLY PUT THAT SCIENCE TO THE TEST BY GIVING THEM MATERIAL TO
TEST BY GIVING THEM MATERIAL TO LOOK AT AND STUDY OR POSSIBLY
LOOK AT AND STUDY OR POSSIBLY EVEN PURCHASING OR FINDING A
EVEN PURCHASING OR FINDING A BENEFACTOR FOR THEM TO PURCHASE.
BENEFACTOR FOR THEM TO PURCHASE. THE MAJORITY OF THE MOST
THE MAJORITY OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FOSSIL DISCOVERIES IN
IMPORTANT FOSSIL DISCOVERIES IN NORTH AMERICA, AT LEAST IN THE
NORTH AMERICA, AT LEAST IN THE UNITED STATES, NOT NECESSARILY
UNITED STATES, NOT NECESSARILY CANADA, BUT IN THE UNITED STATES
CANADA, BUT IN THE UNITED STATES WILL COME FROM THE COMMERCIAL
WILL COME FROM THE COMMERCIAL COLLECTORS AND IT'S BECAUSE OF
COLLECTORS AND IT'S BECAUSE OF THE INVESTMENT, IT'S BECAUSE OF
THE INVESTMENT, IT'S BECAUSE OF THE TIME AND THE EXPERTISE THAT
THE TIME AND THE EXPERTISE THAT THEY'VE DEVELOPED.
THEY'VE DEVELOPED. >> BUT THOMAS CARR SAYS
>> BUT THOMAS CARR SAYS COMMERCIAL COLLECTORS JUST
COMMERCIAL COLLECTORS JUST GRANTING ACCESS TO SCIENTISTS
GRANTING ACCESS TO SCIENTISTS ISN'T ENOUGH.
ISN'T ENOUGH. >> ACCORDING TO THE ETHICS OF MY
>> ACCORDING TO THE ETHICS OF MY PROFESSION, OF THE SCIENTIFIC
PROFESSION, OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROFESSION, WE CANNOT STUDY
PROFESSION, WE CANNOT STUDY FOSSILS THAT ARE NOT IN A REAL
FOSSILS THAT ARE NOT IN A REAL MUSEUM BECAUSE THERE'S NO
MUSEUM BECAUSE THERE'S NO GUARANTEE THAT THOSE FOSSILS
GUARANTEE THAT THOSE FOSSILS WILL HAVE THE GUARANTEE OF
WILL HAVE THE GUARANTEE OF ACCESS IN PERPETUITY.
ACCESS IN PERPETUITY. THERE'S NO GUARANTEE THAT IN
THERE'S NO GUARANTEE THAT IN PRIVATE HANDS THOSE FOSSILS WILL
PRIVATE HANDS THOSE FOSSILS WILL BE CONSERVED ADEQUATELY.
BE CONSERVED ADEQUATELY. SO RIGHT NOW I CAN'T GO AND
SO RIGHT NOW I CAN'T GO AND STUDY THE T REX NAMED RUSSELL
STUDY THE T REX NAMED RUSSELL THAT'S ON DISPLAY AT THE GEM AND
THAT'S ON DISPLAY AT THE GEM AND MINERAL SHOW.
MINERAL SHOW. JUST CAN'T TOUCH IT.
JUST CAN'T TOUCH IT. >> THERE ARE THOSE THAT SAY
>> THERE ARE THOSE THAT SAY BECAUSE IT WAS COMMERCIALLY
BECAUSE IT WAS COMMERCIALLY COLLECTED IT HAD NO VALUE.
COLLECTED IT HAD NO VALUE. ALL OF A SUDDEN THEY WON'T EVEN
ALL OF A SUDDEN THEY WON'T EVEN ATTEMPT TO ACQUIRE IT WITHOUT
ATTEMPT TO ACQUIRE IT WITHOUT EVER LOOKING AT IT.
EVER LOOKING AT IT. >> HOW CAN YOU SAY IT HAS NO
>> HOW CAN YOU SAY IT HAS NO VALUE IF YOU DON'T LOOK AT THE
VALUE IF YOU DON'T LOOK AT THE RECORDKEEPING THAT WAS DONE, THE
RECORDKEEPING THAT WAS DONE, THE COLLECTION METHODS THAT WERE
COLLECTION METHODS THAT WERE USED AND THE FACT THAT THESE ARE
USED AND THE FACT THAT THESE ARE COLLECTED BY PEOPLE THAT ARE
COLLECTED BY PEOPLE THAT ARE IMMENSELY QUALIFIED.
IMMENSELY QUALIFIED. WE'RE PROFESSIONALS.
WE'RE PROFESSIONALS. WE'RE PROFESSIONALS IN OUR
WE'RE PROFESSIONALS IN OUR FIELD.
FIELD. >> COMMERCIAL FOSSIL COLLECTORS
>> COMMERCIAL FOSSIL COLLECTORS HAVE A LONG HISTORY WORKING WITH
HAVE A LONG HISTORY WORKING WITH PAL LEON TOLL LOW GISTS.
PAL LEON TOLL LOW GISTS. ONE FOSSIL HUNTER NAMED CHARLES
ONE FOSSIL HUNTER NAMED CHARLES STERNBERG IS WITH DOZENS OF
STERNBERG IS WITH DOZENS OF MUSEUMS AND UNIVERSITIES FROM
MUSEUMS AND UNIVERSITIES FROM THE 1870s TO THE 1920s.
THE 1870s TO THE 1920s. THE COMMERCIAL BONANZA WAS
THE COMMERCIAL BONANZA WAS TRACED BACK TO SUE AUCTIONED BY
TRACED BACK TO SUE AUCTIONED BY PRIVATE COLLECTORS.
PRIVATE COLLECTORS. PRIVATE DONORS INCLUDING
PRIVATE DONORS INCLUDING McDONALD'S AND THE WALT DISNEY
McDONALD'S AND THE WALT DISNEY CORPORATION PUT IN A LARGE
CORPORATION PUT IN A LARGE PARTIAL OF THE $8.4 MILLION
PARTIAL OF THE $8.4 MILLION PRICE TAG.
PRICE TAG. LAST YEAR THE AUCTION HOUSE
LAST YEAR THE AUCTION HOUSE HOSTED A GLITZY SALE SHOWCASING
HOSTED A GLITZY SALE SHOWCASING THE DUELING DINOSAUR THOUGHT TO
THE DUELING DINOSAUR THOUGHT TO BE A COOL SPECIES.
BE A COOL SPECIES. THE SPECIMEN WHICH WAS EXPECTED
THE SPECIMEN WHICH WAS EXPECTED TO GO AROUND $9 MILLION FAIL TO
TO GO AROUND $9 MILLION FAIL TO SELL WHEN FINAL BIDS WERE LOWER
SELL WHEN FINAL BIDS WERE LOWER THAN THE OWNER'S MINIMUM PRICE.
THAN THE OWNER'S MINIMUM PRICE. THOMAS CARR SAYS THE EXCLUSIVE
THOMAS CARR SAYS THE EXCLUSIVE AUCTION WAS DRIVING PRICES UP
AUCTION WAS DRIVING PRICES UP MAKING FOSSILS VIRTUALLY
MAKING FOSSILS VIRTUALLY UNOBTAINABLE BY MUSEUMS AND
UNOBTAINABLE BY MUSEUMS AND SCIENTISTS.
SCIENTISTS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THOMAS
ON THE OTHER HAND, THOMAS LINDGREN SAYS IT WILL MAKE IT
LINDGREN SAYS IT WILL MAKE IT INTO MUSEUM COLLECTIONS.
INTO MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. >> THE CONCERN IS THIS T REX
>> THE CONCERN IS THIS T REX COULD END UP IN A BILLIONAIRE'S
COULD END UP IN A BILLIONAIRE'S ATRIUM IN SOME PLACE.
ATRIUM IN SOME PLACE. WILL IT ALWAYS BE THERE OR
WILL IT ALWAYS BE THERE OR EVENTUALLY WILL HE DONATE THAT
EVENTUALLY WILL HE DONATE THAT TO A MUSEUM THAT IS INTERESTING
TO A MUSEUM THAT IS INTERESTING IN HAVING A DISPLAY PIECE THAT
IN HAVING A DISPLAY PIECE THAT PEOPLE WANT TO COME AND SEE.
PEOPLE WANT TO COME AND SEE. >> RUSSELL, LINDGREN'S T REX WAS
>> RUSSELL, LINDGREN'S T REX WAS DISCOVERED.
DISCOVERED. ERIC BROUGHT THE MORE PRECOCIOUS
ERIC BROUGHT THE MORE PRECOCIOUS SIDE IN.
SIDE IN. HE AUCTIONED IT FOR OVER $1
HE AUCTIONED IT FOR OVER $1 MILLION.
MILLION. IT WAS LATER PROVEN THAT IT WAS
IT WAS LATER PROVEN THAT IT WAS ILLEGALLY SMUGGLED FROM MONGOLIA
ILLEGALLY SMUGGLED FROM MONGOLIA WHERE COMMERCIAL EXPLORATION OF
WHERE COMMERCIAL EXPLORATION OF DINOSAUR BONES IS STRICTLY
DINOSAUR BONES IS STRICTLY BANNED.
BANNED. HIS DINOSAUR HAS BEEN
HIS DINOSAUR HAS BEEN REPATRIATED AND THE TRAITOR WAS
REPATRIATED AND THE TRAITOR WAS SENTENCED TO 17 YEARS IN PRISON.
SENTENCED TO 17 YEARS IN PRISON. >> WE ACTUALLY DO SEE AMOMONGOL
>> WE ACTUALLY DO SEE AMOMONGOL FOSSILS SURFACE AT AUCTION AND
FOSSILS SURFACE AT AUCTION AND THEY TURN UP AT THE TUCSON SHOW.
THEY TURN UP AT THE TUCSON SHOW. THOSE HAVE TO BE ILLEGALLY
THOSE HAVE TO BE ILLEGALLY IMPORTED.
IMPORTED. IT HAS TO BE A BLACK MARKET
IT HAS TO BE A BLACK MARKET NETWORK THAT PERMITS THAT SORT
NETWORK THAT PERMITS THAT SORT OF THING TO HAPPEN.
OF THING TO HAPPEN. >> LINDGREN, ON THE OTHER HAND,
>> LINDGREN, ON THE OTHER HAND, SAYS CASES LIKE PRECOPIES
SAYS CASES LIKE PRECOPIES HAPPENS, IT DOESN'T NEED SPECIAL
HAPPENS, IT DOESN'T NEED SPECIAL CASES.
CASES. >> WE DON'T WANT SOMEONE TO GIVE
>> WE DON'T WANT SOMEONE TO GIVE US A BAD NAME.
US A BAD NAME. IF SOMEONE GIVES US A BAD NAME,
IF SOMEONE GIVES US A BAD NAME, WE BLACKBALL THEM.
WE BLACKBALL THEM. WE WON'T BUY FROM THEM.
WE WON'T BUY FROM THEM. >> OVER THE COURSE OF TWO WEEKS,
>> OVER THE COURSE OF TWO WEEKS, A NUMBER OF FOSSILS ON DISPLAY
A NUMBER OF FOSSILS ON DISPLAY IN HIS SHOWROOM WERE CAREFULLY
IN HIS SHOWROOM WERE CAREFULLY PACKED INTO CRATES AND SHIPPED
PACKED INTO CRATES AND SHIPPED TO BUYERS AROUND THE WORLD.
TO BUYERS AROUND THE WORLD. BUT WHEN THE 2014 GEM AND
BUT WHEN THE 2014 GEM AND MINERAL SHOWS CAME TO A CLOSE,
MINERAL SHOWS CAME TO A CLOSE, RUSSELL REMAINED FROZEN MID
RUSSELL REMAINED FROZEN MID SNARL WHERE HE'LL STAY UNTIL
SNARL WHERE HE'LL STAY UNTIL LINDGREN FINDS A BUYER.
LINDGREN FINDS A BUYER. >> I DON'T NEED TO SELL SCIENCE.
>> I DON'T NEED TO SELL SCIENCE. I DON'T NEED TO SELL SOMETHING
I DON'T NEED TO SELL SOMETHING THAT'S IMPORTANT, BUT I NEED TO
THAT'S IMPORTANT, BUT I NEED TO PRESERVE IT.
PRESERVE IT. >>> NEXT WE TALK TO AN EVOLUTION
>>> NEXT WE TALK TO AN EVOLUTION AIR RI BIOLOGIST WHO UNDERSTANDS
AIR RI BIOLOGIST WHO UNDERSTANDS THE PAST TO UNDERSTAND THE FLU.
THE PAST TO UNDERSTAND THE FLU. HIS LATEST THOUGHTS ARE
HIS LATEST THOUGHTS ARE CHALLENGING WHAT THEY THOUGHT
CHALLENGING WHAT THEY THOUGHT THEY KNEW ABOUT THE VIRUS.
THEY KNEW ABOUT THE VIRUS. MICHAEL WARABY IS HERE TO
MICHAEL WARABY IS HERE TO EXPLAIN.
EXPLAIN. MICHAEL, THANKS SO MUCH FOR
MICHAEL, THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US TODAY.
JOINING US TODAY. >> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.
>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME. >> PLEASE TELL US A LITTLE BIT
>> PLEASE TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT YOUR RECENT RESEARCH ON
ABOUT YOUR RECENT RESEARCH ON THE FLU, MICHAEL.
THE FLU, MICHAEL. >> SURE.
>> SURE. SO THIS PAPER THAT JUST CAME
SO THIS PAPER THAT JUST CAME OUT, IT WAS KIND OF A TWO-PART
OUT, IT WAS KIND OF A TWO-PART THING.
THING. WE DEVELOPED A NEW METHODOLOGY
WE DEVELOPED A NEW METHODOLOGY THAT HELPED US INFER THE FAMILY
THAT HELPED US INFER THE FAMILY TREE AS THE VIRUSES AND THEN WE
TREE AS THE VIRUSES AND THEN WE USED THAT TO INFER THIS
USED THAT TO INFER THIS EVOLUTIONARY TREE THAT TELLS US
EVOLUTIONARY TREE THAT TELLS US HOW THE VIRUS MOVES BETWEEN
HOW THE VIRUS MOVES BETWEEN HOSTS, BIRDS, HORSES, HUMANS,
HOSTS, BIRDS, HORSES, HUMANS, PIGS, AND WHEN THOSE EVENTS TOOK
PIGS, AND WHEN THOSE EVENTS TOOK PLACE, AND THAT'S KIND OF THE
PLACE, AND THAT'S KIND OF THE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING THE
KEY TO UNDERSTANDING THE EMERGENCE OF IMPORTANT PATHOGENS
EMERGENCE OF IMPORTANT PATHOGENS LIKE THE 1919 SPANISH FLU VIRUS.
LIKE THE 1919 SPANISH FLU VIRUS. >> IN TERMS OF THAT TRANSFER, IS
>> IN TERMS OF THAT TRANSFER, IS IT -- ARE WE GETTING THE FLU
IT -- ARE WE GETTING THE FLU FROM WILD ANIMALS OR FROM DOE
FROM WILD ANIMALS OR FROM DOE MESS CITY DATED ANIMALS,
MESS CITY DATED ANIMALS, MICHAEL?
MICHAEL? >> LET ME STEP BACK AND SAY THAT
>> LET ME STEP BACK AND SAY THAT THE VIEW FOR MANY YEARS NOW HAS
THE VIEW FOR MANY YEARS NOW HAS BEEN THAT WILD BIRDS ARE THE
BEEN THAT WILD BIRDS ARE THE NATURAL PRIMORDIAL RESERVOIR OF
NATURAL PRIMORDIAL RESERVOIR OF THIS VIRUS.
THIS VIRUS. THERE'S A TREMENDOUS GENETIC
THERE'S A TREMENDOUS GENETIC VIRUS OF WILD BIRDS.
VIRUS OF WILD BIRDS. VIEWERS WILL KNOW OF H1N16789
VIEWERS WILL KNOW OF H1N16789 THERE ARE 16 DIFFERENT H TYPES
THERE ARE 16 DIFFERENT H TYPES IN BIRDS AND 10 DIFFERENT N
IN BIRDS AND 10 DIFFERENT N TYPES AND WHAT YOU SEE IS THE
TYPES AND WHAT YOU SEE IS THE VIRUSES MIX AND MATCH AND COME
VIRUSES MIX AND MATCH AND COME UP WITH NEW COMBINATIONS THAT
UP WITH NEW COMBINATIONS THAT SOMETIMES JUMP INTO HUMANS OR
SOMETIMES JUMP INTO HUMANS OR OTHER ANIMALS AND BIRDS, WHETHER
OTHER ANIMALS AND BIRDS, WHETHER DOMESTIC OR WIESHLGSD ARE
DOMESTIC OR WIESHLGSD ARE THOUGHT TO BE THE ULTIMATE
THOUGHT TO BE THE ULTIMATE SOURCE OF THAT.
SOURCE OF THAT. WHAT WE'RE FINDING IS THAT
WHAT WE'RE FINDING IS THAT INSTEAD OF BEING REALLY ANCIENT,
INSTEAD OF BEING REALLY ANCIENT, THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BIRDS
THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BIRDS INCLUDING WILD BIRDS LOOKS LIKE
INCLUDING WILD BIRDS LOOKS LIKE IT ONLY TRACES BACK 150 YEARS,
IT ONLY TRACES BACK 150 YEARS, AND A VERY INTERESTING PATTERN
AND A VERY INTERESTING PATTERN WHERE IN THE EIGHT DIFFERENT
WHERE IN THE EIGHT DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF THE GENOME OF THE
SEGMENTS OF THE GENOME OF THE VIRUS YOU SEE VERY SIMILAR
VIRUS YOU SEE VERY SIMILAR TIMING.
TIMING. SOMETHING REALLY INTERESTING
SOMETHING REALLY INTERESTING HAPPENS IN THE LATE 1800S AND
HAPPENS IN THE LATE 1800S AND SORT OF RESHAPED THE SOURCE OF
SORT OF RESHAPED THE SOURCE OF THIS GENETIC DIVERSITY THAT
THIS GENETIC DIVERSITY THAT CREATES THIS.
CREATES THIS. >> MICHAEL, WHY IS 1872
>> MICHAEL, WHY IS 1872 IMPORTANT TO YOUR RESEARCH.
IMPORTANT TO YOUR RESEARCH. >> SO WHEN YOU LINE UP THESE
>> SO WHEN YOU LINE UP THESE EVOLUTIONARY TREES YOU HAVE TO
EVOLUTIONARY TREES YOU HAVE TO MAKE A DIFFERENT FAMILY TREE FOR
MAKE A DIFFERENT FAMILY TREE FOR EACH OF THESE GENE STATEMENTS.
EACH OF THESE GENE STATEMENTS. IN THE PAST WITH PREVIOUS
IN THE PAST WITH PREVIOUS METHODS IT'S JUST KIND OF BEEN A
METHODS IT'S JUST KIND OF BEEN A MESS.
MESS. YOU CAN'T REALLY TELL REALLY
YOU CAN'T REALLY TELL REALLY CLEARLY WHEN THE VIRUS MOVED
CLEARLY WHEN THE VIRUS MOVED FROM ONE HOST LINEAGE TO
FROM ONE HOST LINEAGE TO ANOTHER, BUT WHEN YOU USE THIS
ANOTHER, BUT WHEN YOU USE THIS NEW METHODOLOGY, IT LOOKS LIKE
NEW METHODOLOGY, IT LOOKS LIKE SOMETHING SPECIAL HAPPENED IN
SOMETHING SPECIAL HAPPENED IN THERE IN THE 1800s WHERE YOU SEE
THERE IN THE 1800s WHERE YOU SEE THE COMMON ANCESTOR OF ALL THE
THE COMMON ANCESTOR OF ALL THE AVIAN DIVERSITY IN MOST OF THESE
AVIAN DIVERSITY IN MOST OF THESE GENOME STATEMENTS WITH A HORSE
GENOME STATEMENTS WITH A HORSE FLU LINEAGE RIGHT AROUND THIS
FLU LINEAGE RIGHT AROUND THIS SAME TIME POINT.
SAME TIME POINT. I DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THIS WHEN I
I DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THIS WHEN I WAS STARTING THE STUDY, BUT I
WAS STARTING THE STUDY, BUT I FOUND OUT THAT IN 1872 THERE WAS
FOUND OUT THAT IN 1872 THERE WAS A HUGE HORSE FLU OUTBREAK SORT
A HUGE HORSE FLU OUTBREAK SORT OF LIKE THE SPANISH FLU IN
OF LIKE THE SPANISH FLU IN HUMANS BUT FOR HORSES.
HUMANS BUT FOR HORSES. STARTS IN TORONTO AND SWEEPS ALL
STARTS IN TORONTO AND SWEEPS ALL ACROSS THE NORTH AND SOUTH
ACROSS THE NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA AND IT LOOKS LIKE THIS
AMERICA AND IT LOOKS LIKE THIS EVENT IS TIMED AT THE SAME POINT
EVENT IS TIMED AT THE SAME POINT WHERE THE RESET BUTTON WAS
WHERE THE RESET BUTTON WAS PUSHED ON GENETIC DIVERSITY IN
PUSHED ON GENETIC DIVERSITY IN WILD BIRDS.
WILD BIRDS. PERHAPS THE VIRUS MOVED FROM
PERHAPS THE VIRUS MOVED FROM HORSES TO BIRDS, PERHAPS IT
HORSES TO BIRDS, PERHAPS IT MOVED FROM BIRDS TO HORSES BUT
MOVED FROM BIRDS TO HORSES BUT ONE WAY OR ANOTHER THERE WAS A
ONE WAY OR ANOTHER THERE WAS A STRONG RELATIONSHIP.
STRONG RELATIONSHIP. >> AND WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH?
>> AND WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH? YOU MENTIONED THE 18 -- THE 1918
YOU MENTIONED THE 18 -- THE 1918 PANDEMIC.
PANDEMIC. WHAT DOES YOUR RESEARCH TELL US
WHAT DOES YOUR RESEARCH TELL US ABOUT THAT?
ABOUT THAT? >> THE 1918 PANDEMIC FLU STRAIN
>> THE 1918 PANDEMIC FLU STRAIN CAUSED ONE OF THE MOST INTENSE
CAUSED ONE OF THE MOST INTENSE OUTBREAKS IN HUMAN HISTORY.
OUTBREAKS IN HUMAN HISTORY. IT KILLED MAYBE 15 MILLION
IT KILLED MAYBE 15 MILLION PEOPLE IN ONE FLU SEASON IN
PEOPLE IN ONE FLU SEASON IN 1918.
1918. SINCE THAT TIME WE HAVEN'T BEEN
SINCE THAT TIME WE HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO PIN DOWN EVEN TO A
ABLE TO PIN DOWN EVEN TO A HEMISPHERE WHERE THIS THING CAME
HEMISPHERE WHERE THIS THING CAME FROM, AND THERE HAVE BEEN
FROM, AND THERE HAVE BEEN COMPETING THEORIES ABOUT WHETHER
COMPETING THEORIES ABOUT WHETHER IT JUMPED FROM BIRDS INTO HUMANS
IT JUMPED FROM BIRDS INTO HUMANS OR WAS A SORT OF MIXING AND
OR WAS A SORT OF MIXING AND MATCHING OF THE SWINE FLU
MATCHING OF THE SWINE FLU VIRUSES.
VIRUSES. WITH THIS NEW METHOD, A LOT OF
WITH THIS NEW METHOD, A LOT OF THE CONFUSION GOES AWAY AND YOU
THE CONFUSION GOES AWAY AND YOU CAN SEE A VERY CLEAR SIGNAL.
CAN SEE A VERY CLEAR SIGNAL. MOST OF THE GENOME OF THIS VIRUS
MOST OF THE GENOME OF THIS VIRUS CAME FROM THE WESTERN
CAME FROM THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, PROBABLY NORTH
HEMISPHERE, PROBABLY NORTH AMERICA, AND FROM BIRDS.
AMERICA, AND FROM BIRDS. JUST BEFORE, JUST WITHIN A FEW
JUST BEFORE, JUST WITHIN A FEW YEARS OF 1918 SO WE DON'T HAVE
YEARS OF 1918 SO WE DON'T HAVE THE FULL PICTURE YET BUT WE'VE
THE FULL PICTURE YET BUT WE'VE MADE A BIG JUMP FROM WHERE WE
MADE A BIG JUMP FROM WHERE WE HAVE BEEN.
HAVE BEEN. >> MICHAEL, I UNDERSTAND, WE
>> MICHAEL, I UNDERSTAND, WE HAVE 45 SECONDS LEFT, I
HAVE 45 SECONDS LEFT, I UNDERSTAND THERE'S AN
UNDERSTAND THERE'S AN INTERESTING STORY OF WHERE YOU
INTERESTING STORY OF WHERE YOU CAME UP WITH THIS IDEA.
CAME UP WITH THIS IDEA. CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THAT,
CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THAT, PLEASE?
PLEASE? >> THERE'S A QUESTION I'VE BEEN
>> THERE'S A QUESTION I'VE BEEN LOOKING AT FOR MANY YEARS BUT
LOOKING AT FOR MANY YEARS BUT ONE OF THE TURNING POINTS WAS I
ONE OF THE TURNING POINTS WAS I HAD EVOLUTIONARY TREES OF ALL OF
HAD EVOLUTIONARY TREES OF ALL OF THESE EIGHT DIFFERENT GENE
THESE EIGHT DIFFERENT GENE SEGMENT SPREAD OUT ON MY KITCHEN
SEGMENT SPREAD OUT ON MY KITCHEN TABLE AND I STARTED MEASURING
TABLE AND I STARTED MEASURING THE RATE AT WHICH THE BRANCHES
THE RATE AT WHICH THE BRANCHES ON THE TREE GROW AND IT STRUCK
ON THE TREE GROW AND IT STRUCK ME THAT THIS THING INVOLVED A
ME THAT THIS THING INVOLVED A TOTALLY DIFFERENT RACE IN
TOTALLY DIFFERENT RACE IN HORSES, BIRDS, HUE MANAGES.
HORSES, BIRDS, HUE MANAGES. IF YOU DON'T CORRECT FOR THAT,
IF YOU DON'T CORRECT FOR THAT, YOU'LL GET THE WRONG ANSWER AND
YOU'LL GET THE WRONG ANSWER AND THAT WAS SORT OF THE STARTING
THAT WAS SORT OF THE STARTING POINT.
POINT. >> MICHAEL, THANK YOU FOR
>> MICHAEL, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY.
JOINING US TODAY. >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
>>> I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEXT NEWS HOUR, A
ON THE NEXT NEWS HOUR, A MILITARY AIRCRAFT BELOVED BY
MILITARY AIRCRAFT BELOVED BY GROUND FORCES ON THE CHOPPING
GROUND FORCES ON THE CHOPPING BLOCK IN THIS LATEST ROUND OF
BLOCK IN THIS LATEST ROUND OF BUDGET CUTS.
BUDGET CUTS. THAT'S TUESDAY ON THE PBS NEWS
THAT'S TUESDAY ON THE PBS NEWS HOUR.
HOUR. >> MILLIONS OF SYRIANS HAVE LEFT
>> MILLIONS OF SYRIANS HAVE LEFT THEIR COUNTRY TO ESCAPE THE WAR.
THEIR COUNTRY TO ESCAPE THE WAR. >> THIS IS THE LARGEST REFUGEE
>> THIS IS THE LARGEST REFUGEE SITUATIONS SINCE RWANDA.
SITUATIONS SINCE RWANDA. THESE ARE PEOPLE WITH HORRIBLE
THESE ARE PEOPLE WITH HORRIBLE STORIES OF SUFFERING, WHO HAVE
STORIES OF SUFFERING, WHO HAVE FLED THEIR HOMES, SOMETIMES
FLED THEIR HOMES, SOMETIMES SEVERAL TIMES, WITH ALMOST
SEVERAL TIMES, WITH ALMOST NOTHING.
NOTHING. >> I'M RENE MON TAN.
>> I'M RENE MON TAN. HOW THE REST OF THE WORLD IS
HOW THE REST OF THE WORLD IS RESPONDING TO SYRIA'S REFUGEE
RESPONDING TO SYRIA'S REFUGEE CRISIS ON THE NEXT EDITION OF
CRISIS ON THE NEXT EDITION OF NPR NEWS.
NPR NEWS. >> THEY HAVE ADDED A NEW MAPPING
>> THEY HAVE ADDED A NEW MAPPING TOOL TO HELP RESIDENTS NAVIGATE
TOOL TO HELP RESIDENTS NAVIGATE THE NEW AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.
THE NEW AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. FRANCISCO GARCIA IS HERE TO TELL
FRANCISCO GARCIA IS HERE TO TELL US HOW THE NEW MAP WORKS.
US HOW THE NEW MAP WORKS. FRANCISCO, THANK YOU FOR JOINING
FRANCISCO, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY.
US TODAY. >> THANK YOU, ALAN.
>> THANK YOU, ALAN. >> HOW DOES THIS NEW MAP WORK,
>> HOW DOES THIS NEW MAP WORK, FRANCISCO?
FRANCISCO? >> AS PART OF OUR EDUCATIONAL
>> AS PART OF OUR EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS, WE'VE ASSEMBLED A
EFFORTS, WE'VE ASSEMBLED A VARIETY OF TOOLS ON OUR WEBSITE,
VARIETY OF TOOLS ON OUR WEBSITE, ONE OF WHICH IS A NEW
ONE OF WHICH IS A NEW INTERACTIVE MAPPING TOOL.
INTERACTIVE MAPPING TOOL. THIS TOOL ALLOWS YOU TO GET ON
THIS TOOL ALLOWS YOU TO GET ON THE WEB, LOCATE YOUR HOMES AND
THE WEB, LOCATE YOUR HOMES AND IDENTIFY WHICH KINDS OF
IDENTIFY WHICH KINDS OF RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE IN YOUR
RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD OR YOUR LOCALITY
NEIGHBORHOOD OR YOUR LOCALITY THAT WILL INSIST YOU IN GETTING
THAT WILL INSIST YOU IN GETTING ENROLLED.
ENROLLED. >> LOOKING AT IT ON A
>> LOOKING AT IT ON A STEP-BY-STEP BASIS, HOW DOES
STEP-BY-STEP BASIS, HOW DOES SOMEONE FIND THE MAP AND UTILIZE
SOMEONE FIND THE MAP AND UTILIZE THE MAP TO UTILIZE ACA?
THE MAP TO UTILIZE ACA? >> REALLY EASY TO DO.
>> REALLY EASY TO DO. >> YOU GO TO WWW.PEMA.GOV/ACHA.
>> YOU GO TO WWW.PEMA.GOV/ACHA. THAT WILL TAKE YOU TO OUR
THAT WILL TAKE YOU TO OUR INTERACTIVE WEBSITE FRMPT THAT
INTERACTIVE WEBSITE FRMPT THAT WEBSITE YOU CAN IDENTIFY A
WEBSITE YOU CAN IDENTIFY A VARIETY OF TOOLS INCLUDING THE
VARIETY OF TOOLS INCLUDING THE INTERACTIVE MAPPING TOOL AS WELL
INTERACTIVE MAPPING TOOL AS WELL AS OTHER RESOURCES FOR HOW TO
AS OTHER RESOURCES FOR HOW TO GET STARTED TO FIGURE OUT WHAT
GET STARTED TO FIGURE OUT WHAT YOUR ACA BENEFITS OR
YOUR ACA BENEFITS OR RESPONSIBILITIES MAY BE.
RESPONSIBILITIES MAY BE. >> AND DOES THIS ACTUALLY ALLOW
>> AND DOES THIS ACTUALLY ALLOW THE PERSON TO SIGN UP FOR ACA OR
THE PERSON TO SIGN UP FOR ACA OR JUST POINTS THEM IN THAT
JUST POINTS THEM IN THAT DIRECTION?
DIRECTION? >> SO THE WAY THAT THE WEBSITE
>> SO THE WAY THAT THE WEBSITE IS STRUCTURED IS IT TAKES YOU TO
IS STRUCTURED IS IT TAKES YOU TO THE RIGHT PLACE, EITHER ON THE
THE RIGHT PLACE, EITHER ON THE FEDERAL SIDE OR ON THE STATE
FEDERAL SIDE OR ON THE STATE SIDE, TO ACTUALLY GET SIGNED UP.
SIDE, TO ACTUALLY GET SIGNED UP. ADDITIONALLY, WE HAVE OTHER
ADDITIONALLY, WE HAVE OTHER RESOURCES, INCLUDING THE 1-800
RESOURCES, INCLUDING THE 1-800 TELEPHONE NUMBERS THAT PEOPLE
TELEPHONE NUMBERS THAT PEOPLE CAN AVAIL THEMSELVES IF THEY ARE
CAN AVAIL THEMSELVES IF THEY ARE NOT PARTICULARLY WEB SAVVY OR IF
NOT PARTICULARLY WEB SAVVY OR IF THEY WOULD PREFER A HUMAN
THEY WOULD PREFER A HUMAN INTERACTION.
INTERACTION. WE KNOW THAT A LOT OF FOLKS
WE KNOW THAT A LOT OF FOLKS WOULD PREFER TO TALK TO
WOULD PREFER TO TALK TO INDIVIDUALS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES
INDIVIDUALS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES AND NEIGHBORHOOD.
AND NEIGHBORHOOD. THE INTERACTIVE MAP HELPS YOU
THE INTERACTIVE MAP HELPS YOU FIND OUT WHERE ACROSS TUCSON AND
FIND OUT WHERE ACROSS TUCSON AND PIMA COUNTY YOU CAN FIND THAT.
PIMA COUNTY YOU CAN FIND THAT. >> THIS WOULD HELP THEM FIND
>> THIS WOULD HELP THEM FIND COUNSELORS THAT COULD PERHAPS
COUNSELORS THAT COULD PERHAPS HELP THEM WORK THROUGH THE
HELP THEM WORK THROUGH THE ENROLLMENT PROCESS?
ENROLLMENT PROCESS? >> A VARIETY OF RESOURCES
>> A VARIETY OF RESOURCES INCLUDING COUNSELORS AND OTHER
INCLUDING COUNSELORS AND OTHER INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS WHO ARE
INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS WHO ARE TRAINED AND ABLE TO ASSIST YOU
TRAINED AND ABLE TO ASSIST YOU IN FIGURING OUT WHAT IT IS THAT
IN FIGURING OUT WHAT IT IS THAT YOU NEED TO APPLY FOR.
YOU NEED TO APPLY FOR. >> AND HOW DOES THIS RESOURCE
>> AND HOW DOES THIS RESOURCE HELP PEOPLE WHO MAY NOT HAVE ANY
HELP PEOPLE WHO MAY NOT HAVE ANY IDEA HOW TO GET INVOLVED WITH
IDEA HOW TO GET INVOLVED WITH ACA?
ACA? >> SO FOR A LOT OF FOLKS ACROSS
>> SO FOR A LOT OF FOLKS ACROSS THIS JURISDICTION, THE
THIS JURISDICTION, THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT HAS BEEN A
AFFORDABLE CARE ACT HAS BEEN A CONFUSING ROLLOUT.
CONFUSING ROLLOUT. DURING THE LAST SIX MONTHS WE'VE
DURING THE LAST SIX MONTHS WE'VE BEEN DEVELOPING THESE KINDS OF
BEEN DEVELOPING THESE KINDS OF RESOURCES FOR INDIVIDUALS, YOU
RESOURCES FOR INDIVIDUALS, YOU CAN ACTUALLY GO TO ONE OF OUR
CAN ACTUALLY GO TO ONE OF OUR TABS CALLED I DON'T KNOW WHERE
TABS CALLED I DON'T KNOW WHERE TO GET STARTED.
TO GET STARTED. IT WILL TAKE YOU TO EXACTLY A
IT WILL TAKE YOU TO EXACTLY A GRAPHIC THAT SHOWS YOU WHAT YOUR
GRAPHIC THAT SHOWS YOU WHAT YOUR INCOME -- YOUR FAMILY INCOME AND
INCOME -- YOUR FAMILY INCOME AND YOUR FAMILY SIZE IS AND BASED ON
YOUR FAMILY SIZE IS AND BASED ON THOSE SITES IT DIRECTS YOU TO
THOSE SITES IT DIRECTS YOU TO THE FEDERAL SIDE OR STATE SIDE
THE FEDERAL SIDE OR STATE SIDE TO GET YOU STARTED IN THE
TO GET YOU STARTED IN THE PROCESS OF GETTING ENROLLED IN
PROCESS OF GETTING ENROLLED IN CARE.
CARE. >> AND THE MAP ITSELF, DOES THAT
>> AND THE MAP ITSELF, DOES THAT HELP PEOPLE FIND PLACES THAT ARE
HELP PEOPLE FIND PLACES THAT ARE GEOGRAPHICALLY CLOSE TO WHERE
GEOGRAPHICALLY CLOSE TO WHERE THEY LIVE FOR NOW?
THEY LIVE FOR NOW? >> THE IDEA FOR THE MAP IS
>> THE IDEA FOR THE MAP IS EXACTLY TO DO THAT, TO IDENTIFY
EXACTLY TO DO THAT, TO IDENTIFY THE LOCATIONS AS WELL AS THE
THE LOCATIONS AS WELL AS THE PHONE NUMBERS SO THAT YOU CAN
PHONE NUMBERS SO THAT YOU CAN MAKE AN APPOINTMENT AT A TIME
MAKE AN APPOINTMENT AT A TIME THAT'S CONVENIENT FOR YOU.
THAT'S CONVENIENT FOR YOU. >> OKAY.
>> OKAY. AND IN TERMS OF FEEDBACK, HAVE
AND IN TERMS OF FEEDBACK, HAVE YOU GOTTEN ANY FEEDBACK FROM
YOU GOTTEN ANY FEEDBACK FROM NEEM HAVE USED THIS SITE YET,
NEEM HAVE USED THIS SITE YET, FRANCISCO?
FRANCISCO? >> SO WE'RE STARTING TO GET SOME
>> SO WE'RE STARTING TO GET SOME FEEDBACK ON IT.
FEEDBACK ON IT. WE'VE JUST UNCOVERED OR ROLLED
WE'VE JUST UNCOVERED OR ROLLED THIS OUT IN THE LAST WEEK OR SO.
THIS OUT IN THE LAST WEEK OR SO. WE'RE GETTING A LOT OF GOOD
WE'RE GETTING A LOT OF GOOD FEEDBACK.
FEEDBACK. MOST INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE LOOKING
MOST INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE LOOKING TO TRY TO MAKE IT UNDER THE
TO TRY TO MAKE IT UNDER THE DEADLINE OF MARCH 30th ARE
DEADLINE OF MARCH 30th ARE REALLY KIND OF GRASPING FOR
REALLY KIND OF GRASPING FOR STRAWS AT THIS POINT.
STRAWS AT THIS POINT. THIS HAS ENDED UP BEING A GOOD
THIS HAS ENDED UP BEING A GOOD RESOURCE FOR THEM FIGURING OUT
RESOURCE FOR THEM FIGURING OUT WHERE IN TUCSON THOSE RESOURCES
WHERE IN TUCSON THOSE RESOURCES CAN BE FOUND.
CAN BE FOUND. >> DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA,
>> DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA, FRANCISCO, IN TERMS OF HOW MANY
FRANCISCO, IN TERMS OF HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE USED THE SITE?
PEOPLE HAVE USED THE SITE? >> WE ARE REALLY EXCITED BECAUSE
>> WE ARE REALLY EXCITED BECAUSE WITH REGARDS TO THE AFFORDABLE
WITH REGARDS TO THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, THE COVERAGE FOR FOLKS
CARE ACT, THE COVERAGE FOR FOLKS IN THIS JURIS DICTION IN PIMA
IN THIS JURIS DICTION IN PIMA COUNTY IS CON SER VA 2I68LY
COUNTY IS CON SER VA 2I68LY 28,000 SINCE THE BEGINNING OF
28,000 SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE ENROLLMENT PERIOD.
THE ENROLLMENT PERIOD. THAT'S NOT 28,000 PEOPLE HAVE
THAT'S NOT 28,000 PEOPLE HAVE HIT OUR WEBSITE BUT THAT'S
HIT OUR WEBSITE BUT THAT'S 28,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN BROUGHT
28,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN BROUGHT INTO THE INSURANCE EITHER
INTO THE INSURANCE EITHER THROUGH MEDICAID OR ACCESS
THROUGH MEDICAID OR ACCESS PRODUCTS OR THROUGH THE FEDERAL
PRODUCTS OR THROUGH THE FEDERAL MARKETPLACE AND WE ARE ONE OF
MARKETPLACE AND WE ARE ONE OF MANY PARTNERS TRYING TO MAKE
MANY PARTNERS TRYING TO MAKE THIS HAPPEN.
THIS HAPPEN. >> YOU MENTIONED MANY PARTNERS.
>> YOU MENTIONED MANY PARTNERS. ARE HOSPITALS INVOLVED IN THIS,
ARE HOSPITALS INVOLVED IN THIS, INSURANCE BROKERS.
INSURANCE BROKERS. >> HOSPITALS, INSURANCE BROKERS,
>> HOSPITALS, INSURANCE BROKERS, THE UNITED WAY AND A VARIETY OF
THE UNITED WAY AND A VARIETY OF OTHER ADVOCACY MEDIA-BASED
OTHER ADVOCACY MEDIA-BASED ORGANIZATIONS ACROSS THE
ORGANIZATIONS ACROSS THE COMMUNITY.
COMMUNITY. >> OKAY.
>> OKAY. IN THE STATE OF ARIZONA, THEY'RE
IN THE STATE OF ARIZONA, THEY'RE HAVING A BIG PUSH THIS WEEKEND
HAVING A BIG PUSH THIS WEEKEND CALLED COVER ARIZONA.
CALLED COVER ARIZONA. IS PIMA COUNTY INVOLVED IN THAT?
IS PIMA COUNTY INVOLVED IN THAT? AND IF SO, HOW?
AND IF SO, HOW? >> ABSOLUTELY.
>> ABSOLUTELY. WELL, I'LL JUST REMIND OUR
WELL, I'LL JUST REMIND OUR VIEWERS THAT MARCH 31st IS THE
VIEWERS THAT MARCH 31st IS THE DEADLINE OF OPEN ENROLLMENT
DEADLINE OF OPEN ENROLLMENT UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.
UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. SATURDAY MARCH 31st, COVER PIMA
SATURDAY MARCH 31st, COVER PIMA COUNTY, WILL BE AN EVENT ACROSS
COUNTY, WILL BE AN EVENT ACROSS OUR JURISDICTION AT FOUR
OUR JURISDICTION AT FOUR LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT PIMA COUNTY
LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT PIMA COUNTY WHERE WE WILL PROVIDE FREE
WHERE WE WILL PROVIDE FREE HEALTH INSURANCE.
HEALTH INSURANCE. COVER PIMA COUNTY IS PART OF A
COVER PIMA COUNTY IS PART OF A MUCH LARGER ENROLL ARIZONA KIND
MUCH LARGER ENROLL ARIZONA KIND OF INITIATIVE THAT WE'LL ALSO BE
OF INITIATIVE THAT WE'LL ALSO BE TAKING CARE OF.
TAKING CARE OF. THAT WILL BE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR
THAT WILL BE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR VISITORS, FOR FOLKS IN THE
VISITORS, FOR FOLKS IN THE COMMUNITY TO COME AND TALK TO
COMMUNITY TO COME AND TALK TO HEALTH INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS TO GET IN TOUCH WITH THAT
TO GET IN TOUCH WITH THAT PROCESS.
PROCESS. >> OKAY.
>> OKAY. >> FRANCISCO, WE HAVE ABOUT 30
>> FRANCISCO, WE HAVE ABOUT 30 SECONDS LEFT.
SECONDS LEFT. IS IT PIMA COUNTY'S JOB IN THIS
IS IT PIMA COUNTY'S JOB IN THIS CASE TO HELP GET PEOPLE INVOLVED
CASE TO HELP GET PEOPLE INVOLVED IN ACA?
IN ACA? IS THAT TASKED BY THE GOVERNMENT
IS THAT TASKED BY THE GOVERNMENT OR SOMETHING?
OR SOMETHING? >> SO, NO, IT'S NOT PIMA
>> SO, NO, IT'S NOT PIMA COUNTY'S JOB TO DO THAT.
COUNTY'S JOB TO DO THAT. ONE OF THE STRATEGIC PRIORITIES
ONE OF THE STRATEGIC PRIORITIES HAS BEEN THE WHOLE ACCESS TO
HAS BEEN THE WHOLE ACCESS TO CARE ISSUE.
CARE ISSUE. THAT'S WHY WE'RE AT THE TABLE.
THAT'S WHY WE'RE AT THE TABLE. THAT'S WHY WE'RE MAKING THIS
THAT'S WHY WE'RE MAKING THIS HAPPEN.
HAPPEN. FRANCISCO, THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FRANCISCO, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING US TODAY.
FOR JOINING US TODAY. >> THANK YOU, AL.
>> THANK YOU, AL. >>> GOOD EVENING.
>>> GOOD EVENING. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING US TONIGHT.
US TONIGHT. WE ARE HERE TONIGHT TO TALK
WE ARE HERE TONIGHT TO TALK ABOUT THE NEW BIOGAS PROJECT.
ABOUT THE NEW BIOGAS PROJECT. WHAT IS THIS PROJECT?
WHAT IS THIS PROJECT? >> IN PIMA COUNTY WASTEWATER,
>> IN PIMA COUNTY WASTEWATER, THE UTILITY WE OPERATE, MOST
THE UTILITY WE OPERATE, MOST PEOPLE FEEL WHEN YOU DEAL WITH
PEOPLE FEEL WHEN YOU DEAL WITH WASTEWATER YOU END UP WITH A
WASTEWATER YOU END UP WITH A WATER PRODUCT AND A SOLID
WATER PRODUCT AND A SOLID PRODUCT BUT YOU ALSO END UP WITH
PRODUCT BUT YOU ALSO END UP WITH A GAS PRODUCT.
A GAS PRODUCT. WE'RE EMBARKING ON A PRODUCT TO
WE'RE EMBARKING ON A PRODUCT TO BENEFICIALLY USE.
BENEFICIALLY USE. WE NEED TO CLEAN THAT GAS IN
WE NEED TO CLEAN THAT GAS IN ORDER TO BENEFICIALLY USE IT.
ORDER TO BENEFICIALLY USE IT. SO WE'RE HEADED DOWN THAT AVENUE
SO WE'RE HEADED DOWN THAT AVENUE WITH THIS PROJECT.
WITH THIS PROJECT. >> RIGHT.
>> RIGHT. HOW EXPENSIVE IS BUILDING AND
HOW EXPENSIVE IS BUILDING AND OPERATING THIS FACILITY?
OPERATING THIS FACILITY? >> THE PROCESS TO BUILD THE
>> THE PROCESS TO BUILD THE FACILITY OR THE COST TO BUILD
FACILITY OR THE COST TO BUILD THE FACILITY IS ESTIMATED AT
THE FACILITY IS ESTIMATED AT AROUND $10 MILLION.
AROUND $10 MILLION. THAT'S SOMETHING UNUSUAL OR
THAT'S SOMETHING UNUSUAL OR DIFFERENT ABOUT THIS PROJECT FOR
DIFFERENT ABOUT THIS PROJECT FOR US AND PIMA COUNTY.
US AND PIMA COUNTY. WE DO LOTS OF PROJECTS.
WE DO LOTS OF PROJECTS. IN FACT, WE'RE JUST FINISHED
IN FACT, WE'RE JUST FINISHED DOING $7 MILLION OF CAPITAL
DOING $7 MILLION OF CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS.
IMPROVEMENTS. THIS GAS PROJECT WHILE IT'S ONLY
THIS GAS PROJECT WHILE IT'S ONLY 10 MILLION, IN COMPARISON IT'S A
10 MILLION, IN COMPARISON IT'S A SMALLER PROJECT.
SMALLER PROJECT. WE'RE GOING TO DELIVER THIS
WE'RE GOING TO DELIVER THIS THROUGH A PRIVATE DESIGN BUILD,
THROUGH A PRIVATE DESIGN BUILD, FINANCE, OWN AND OPERATE.
FINANCE, OWN AND OPERATE. WE'RE GOING TO SELL GAS TO A
WE'RE GOING TO SELL GAS TO A THIRD PARTY AND LET THEM BUILD
THIRD PARTY AND LET THEM BUILD THE PROJECT, CLEAN THE GAS, AND
THE PROJECT, CLEAN THE GAS, AND SELL IT TO THE MARKETPLACE.
SELL IT TO THE MARKETPLACE. THAT'S A BIT UNUSUAL FOR SOME OF
THAT'S A BIT UNUSUAL FOR SOME OF THE WAYS THAT WE HAVE DELIVERED
THE WAYS THAT WE HAVE DELIVERED PROJECTS IN THE PAST.
PROJECTS IN THE PAST. >> RIGHT.
>> RIGHT. SO YOU AIM TO COMPLETE THIS
SO YOU AIM TO COMPLETE THIS PROJECT BY THE END OF -- LIKE
PROJECT BY THE END OF -- LIKE BUILD THIS FACILITY BY THE END
BUILD THIS FACILITY BY THE END OF DECEMBER 2015.
OF DECEMBER 2015. SO WHAT WILL BASICALLY HAPPEN IN
SO WHAT WILL BASICALLY HAPPEN IN THOSE TWO YEARS RIGHT NOW?
THOSE TWO YEARS RIGHT NOW? >> SO RIGHT NOW WE JUST HAVE
>> SO RIGHT NOW WE JUST HAVE EMBARKED ON NEGOTIATIONS.
EMBARKED ON NEGOTIATIONS. WE'VE HAD A NUMBER OF FIRMS
WE'VE HAD A NUMBER OF FIRMS SUBMIT, WE WERE OUT LOOKING FOR
SUBMIT, WE WERE OUT LOOKING FOR REQUESTS FOR QUALIFICATIONS.
REQUESTS FOR QUALIFICATIONS. WE HAD OVER FIVE FIRMS COME IN
WE HAD OVER FIVE FIRMS COME IN AND SUBMIT THEIR QUALIFICATIONS
AND SUBMIT THEIR QUALIFICATIONS AS INTERESTED IN DOING THIS GAS
AS INTERESTED IN DOING THIS GAS PROJECT.
PROJECT. WE'VE INTERVIEWED THEM.
WE'VE INTERVIEWED THEM. WE'VE BASICALLY RANKED THEM FOR
WE'VE BASICALLY RANKED THEM FOR THEIR PROPOSAL OR THEIR PLANS
THEIR PROPOSAL OR THEIR PLANS AND WE ARE NOW SITTING DOWN WITH
AND WE ARE NOW SITTING DOWN WITH THE FIRST PLACE FIRM AND
THE FIRST PLACE FIRM AND NEGOTIATING EXACTLY WHAT THEY'LL
NEGOTIATING EXACTLY WHAT THEY'LL DO AND HOW IT WILL BENEFIT PIMA
DO AND HOW IT WILL BENEFIT PIMA COUNTY AND THE UTILITY AND WHAT
COUNTY AND THE UTILITY AND WHAT THEY INTEND TO DO.
THEY INTEND TO DO. WE'RE JUST EMBARKING ON THAT
WE'RE JUST EMBARKING ON THAT NEGOTIATION.
NEGOTIATION. IT SHOULDN'T TAKE TOO LONG TO
IT SHOULDN'T TAKE TOO LONG TO COME TO SOME FINAL AGREEMENT.
COME TO SOME FINAL AGREEMENT. THEN THEY'LL DESIGN THE FACILITY
THEN THEY'LL DESIGN THE FACILITY AND BUILD THE FACILITY OVER THAT
AND BUILD THE FACILITY OVER THAT TWO-YEAR PERIOD.
TWO-YEAR PERIOD. IN THE MEANTIME, WE ARE FLARING
IN THE MEANTIME, WE ARE FLARING THE GAS.
THE GAS. INTERNALLY WE USE 15% OF THE GAS
INTERNALLY WE USE 15% OF THE GAS WE GENERATE AND THE REST WE DO
WE GENERATE AND THE REST WE DO NOT HAVE THE USE FOR IN THE
NOT HAVE THE USE FOR IN THE CONDITION IT'S IN SO WE NEED TO
CONDITION IT'S IN SO WE NEED TO DO THIS PROJECT.
DO THIS PROJECT. ARE THERE ANY DRAW BACKS TO THIS
ARE THERE ANY DRAW BACKS TO THIS PROJECT?
PROJECT? >> TO ME, IT'S ALL POSITIVE AND
>> TO ME, IT'S ALL POSITIVE AND ALL WIN-WIN.
ALL WIN-WIN. JUST FLARING THE GAS SEEMS LIKE
JUST FLARING THE GAS SEEMS LIKE SUCH A WASTE FOR A RENEWABLE
SUCH A WASTE FOR A RENEWABLE RESOURCE THAT THE FUEL IS.
RESOURCE THAT THE FUEL IS. THERE'S SUCH A DEMAND ON THE
THERE'S SUCH A DEMAND ON THE FOSSIL FUEL.
FOSSIL FUEL. WE CAN HAVE LENGTHY DISCUSSIONS
WE CAN HAVE LENGTHY DISCUSSIONS ON THAT BUT MAKING A RENEWABLE
ON THAT BUT MAKING A RENEWABLE PROJECT IS GOOD FOR THE
PROJECT IS GOOD FOR THE COMMUNITY, THE ENVIRONMENT AND
COMMUNITY, THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE RATEPAYERS THAT PAY FOR THIS
THE RATEPAYERS THAT PAY FOR THIS PRODUCT.
PRODUCT. >> WHAT IS THE CURRENT TREATMENT
>> WHAT IS THE CURRENT TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER?
OF WASTEWATER? >> THE CURRENT TREATMENT?
>> THE CURRENT TREATMENT? WELL, WE JUST HAVE INVESTED
WELL, WE JUST HAVE INVESTED ALMOST $600 MILLION IN UPGRADES
ALMOST $600 MILLION IN UPGRADES AND EXPANSION TO OUR FACILITY TO
AND EXPANSION TO OUR FACILITY TO EVEN FURTHER TREAT WASTEWATER TO
EVEN FURTHER TREAT WASTEWATER TO A MUCH HIGHER LEVEL.
A MUCH HIGHER LEVEL. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS HAVE
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS HAVE CHANGED IN OUR PERMIT AND I'M
CHANGED IN OUR PERMIT AND I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE WATER
GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE WATER PORTION OF WASTEWATER COMING IN
PORTION OF WASTEWATER COMING IN WITH THE WASTEWATER UTILITY IS
WITH THE WASTEWATER UTILITY IS 99% WATER AND SO WE NOW THROUGH
99% WATER AND SO WE NOW THROUGH THESE CHANGES IN THE PROCESS, WE
THESE CHANGES IN THE PROCESS, WE REMOVE NUTRIENTS WHICH ARE
REMOVE NUTRIENTS WHICH ARE PRIMARILY NITROGEN OR AMMONIA.
PRIMARILY NITROGEN OR AMMONIA. WE MAKE A CLEAN WATER OR
WE MAKE A CLEAN WATER OR EFFLUENT PRODUCT.
EFFLUENT PRODUCT. IT'S NOT DRINKING WATER QUALITY,
IT'S NOT DRINKING WATER QUALITY, BUT IT'S CRITICAL FOR THE AIRED
BUT IT'S CRITICAL FOR THE AIRED WEST WE LIVE IN.
WEST WE LIVE IN. WATER IS A VERY IMPORTANT
WATER IS A VERY IMPORTANT COMMODITY.
COMMODITY. SO WE ALLOW THE COMMUNITY TO USE
SO WE ALLOW THE COMMUNITY TO USE THAT WATER IN BENEFICIAL WAYS.
THAT WATER IN BENEFICIAL WAYS. THAT'S THE PRIMARY SUSTAINABLE
THAT'S THE PRIMARY SUSTAINABLE FOCUS AND ROLE OF THE
FOCUS AND ROLE OF THE WASTEWATER.
WASTEWATER. BUT SOLIDS, THERE'S A SMALL
BUT SOLIDS, THERE'S A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF SOLIDS AND ORGANIC
PERCENTAGE OF SOLIDS AND ORGANIC MATERIAL IN THE TREATMENT
MATERIAL IN THE TREATMENT PROCESS AND WE HAVE TO MAKE THEM
PROCESS AND WE HAVE TO MAKE THEM SAFE TO DISPOSE OF THEM.
SAFE TO DISPOSE OF THEM. SO DIGESTION, THAT IS THE
SO DIGESTION, THAT IS THE TECHNICAL TERM OF THE PROCESS
TECHNICAL TERM OF THE PROCESS THAT WE USE, THAT'S VERY
THAT WE USE, THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO MAKE THEM STABLE
IMPORTANT TO MAKE THEM STABLE AND SAFE TO USE AND WE ACTUALLY
AND SAFE TO USE AND WE ACTUALLY USE THE SOLIDS, THE BIOSOLIDS,
USE THE SOLIDS, THE BIOSOLIDS, IN AGRICULTURE ON FARM FIELDS.
IN AGRICULTURE ON FARM FIELDS. AND THEN THE FINAL, YOU KNOW,
AND THEN THE FINAL, YOU KNOW, PROCESS IS THE GAS BECAUSE WE
PROCESS IS THE GAS BECAUSE WE PRODUCE GAS AS A BY-PRODUCT OF
PRODUCE GAS AS A BY-PRODUCT OF DIGESTION.
DIGESTION. IT'S A WASTE TO JUST FLAIR IT TO
IT'S A WASTE TO JUST FLAIR IT TO THE ENVIRONMENT OR THE
THE ENVIRONMENT OR THE ATMOSPHERE AND BURN IT.
ATMOSPHERE AND BURN IT. SO WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT CLEANING
SO WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT CLEANING IT AND FINDING AN IMPORTANT
IT AND FINDING AN IMPORTANT RENEWABLE MARKET FOR