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I am gonna talk to you today about my experience with the Leica scanstation
C10
we have been a user since December of 2010 and there's a variety of things
that I think are pretty critical that II convey to you about our experience with
that
so we will get started just to let
you know that image that you're seeing on the screen there that is
actually our crime lab the new crime lab it opened in April 2012
here in Johnson County Kansas here in Johnson County I do supervise our crime scene
section I'm the supervisor of
a total of seven CSI's we actually only have six working right now
but all of our CSI team is a part of our crime scene mapping team as well and
we also have
one of our digital media a specialists that participates in the program with us
and this is the crime scene that basically started things off for us
in April 2010 we had received a loaner
C10 - Leica C10 scanstation from Leica to demo over the course of
a few days and we were ... well I
don't like to use the term but we were fortunate enough to have a major scene
we had a homicide that weekend
we typically do between five to ten homicides a year here in Johnson County
and now with that we want to be able to map
those scenes we also use this at officer-involved shootings and other major scenes and I'll
talk about that
in a little bit but at this particular scene we had the scanner that we could
shoot
some test data now what you're seeing on the screen right now is the
total station map that was created it was shot with a total of three people
and it took
over the course of 10 hours we had received the C10 several days prior
and basically
with just about 30-45 minutes training over the phone we had
established a very basic working
method for the C10 and we were able to create some pretty any product with
it misses what we
created in chain if you could bring that video over this is why we created with
just a few hours on site
I would but very very limited I
instruction on how to use the device in and what's so
I'll critical about you know you looking at this is not
unnecessarily how easy we can do you see Canon
a if you can make it a little bit bigger ego
I'm but you're so for the purpose it going to decision makers in our county
we actually had real case data that we could use to show them hey here's what
you get with the total station and here's what you get: with
at the laser scan data that the seat and can provide and there is no color data
on this this this flight through I
as they're called because we actually didn't operate the camera for the scans
we only collect it scan data while we were there
and ultimately we are tasked by accredited laboratory are crime scene
section is accredited under that
accreditation and this data was
was collected in conjunction with the total session data because this was not
an approved method force this shot secondary to using one of our proof
methods for data collection
action you take it off screen very go
and then this is a ground-level view what someone that scan data looks like
each other's triangles is something called a scan world it's
if the position ever the scanner when we collected data and
for the fighter that you just saw we we kinda move through the scene
I am we collected three scan sites on scene and then the two triangles that
you see on the vehicle were later collected at the lab which
use the base stand at the scanner has and try to get some data from inside the
truck
I'm I don't know that we would do that again now being educated users have the
seat and
but we're very happy with the scan data that we collect it from the ground level
I am you know this is a device in which from any other points that are
are collecting capture you can collect a measurement from into any point
collected you can get the angle measurement from her to any point that
is collected
elsewhere in that scene so ultimately we're collecting
millions of measurement points at any site in this is what
be equipment looks like out a photograph on your left is the actual seat and the
scanner on the tripod
I there's a a tripod stabilizer needed that red
a bracket that you see I just to the right of the scanner
on the tripod you can see a tripod dolly this is a very convenient tool for
moving the skin around a scene when you're dealing with smoother paved areas
I'm on the right you see to target on a pole
just below the AC 220 harder poll which is used
shoreline as a target so we can register scans at scenes but also as a quality
check
that we will perform at crime scenes and are getting into that a little bit more
can a little bit
I one thing I do want to point out about the scanner that you can see on the
tripod is the fact that there is a strain on their
on the cheek and in particular does not require a laptop to run the computer is
on board so you are a good to go using all of your
I computer functions right there on the scanner makes it very very
convenient not having to connect a laptop for any external computer
hardware on the cheek and we've had ours now since December
a 2010 and the sea can is also referred to as the PS can which is
a delegation by like a they also have a PS 5 in the PS twenty
where PS stance for their public safety line
other ps5 is a a in answer for agencies that are looking for something a little
less
with a little less muscle than the feet and carried it a
a little bit under one hundred thousand dollars for the PS 5
the PS can a is greater than a hundred thousand dollars and I'm not sure
what the price point is on the PS twenty would not look at that yet
although I I know moving forward I i do you have a personal strong interest in
laser scanning and I I am
going to look at in the future to see what we can do to upgrade our operation
in a PS
20 will be something that i'm looking at when we go to do that
basically the scanner uses a rotating here to send out
a laser obtaining million to measurements within a given area the
result is a point cloud in you ultimately end up with millions of
points collected from each spot
each ski and that's collected on site can be registered together you to the
scans are called scan world and they could be registered together into one
giant registered cloud
other is a camp on board the onboard camera captures
in a full scan oversight a 360-degree scan oversight
captures 260 images which come out as a honeycomb and I included this photo
because you can still see
the honeycomb any image the top image that I'm showing
I and that honeycomb can actually be taken out of the image by
blending your image to see you the image
where those honey comes basically disappear any image becomes a bit much
better
composed I am image I know that some the camera upgrade that are coming down the
line I think the PS twenty has a white balance function so you can actually do
more with that on board camera
like it does have an external camera option that still has some bugs
working with are still trying to figure out some different things that
we can improve our nighttime capture other is the note all ninja
which was mentioned earlier today as a third-party solutions capturing
panoramic
images they can be texture mapped onto your scans
basically if you look at the the bottom two photos you see
again that's a crime lab in you can see the intensity map that rainbow color
up points that is actually the point cloud that was captured by the scanner
on the scanner crime lab of just to the right and below that
is the scanner the image the point cloud
with the colors appropriately capture map on from the on-board camera
so using the camera is a real Lee powerful tool in getting
appropriate looking colored points in your scan data
again with nighttime images there is some issues with low light photography
we're working on it with the external camera
however the benefit of the like if he can is that
regardless of the lighting conditions it's capturing measurements
so even if we didn't capture photographs at all we would still have to point
cloud image with all the points that are measurable
and we will build represent that spaces in intensity map what you're seeing here
or in a gray scale
image as you saw on the fly through from that homicide see
I'm basically as I mentioned earlier the power point cloud you can measure the
distance between
and at any angle travel between any two points in the entire point cloud said
it's basically giving you the ability to do this by measuring
all the points relative to itself so than using
trigonometric functions applying algorithms and all that fancy stuff that
goes on within the software
you can choose any two points and measure within
and there are three field of view options whenever you're scanning a
target all will go 360 degrees around
and depending on a resolution that is going to be your most
blank the option you can also do a quick scan will be
only ski and a slice up a crime scene if you're doing
just a vehicle per se like you're seeing here we might just do a quick scan
to capture the vehicle only from the perspective of the scanner
what this does is it basically allows us to speed the scanning process up
we can also do a scan window where we select just a small window space within
the viewer dead the scanner is presenting outs and skin
only dat area irons beaded
the want the benefits of having a onboard camera is when you're choosing
the area that you're going to ski and you're actually viewing live video
that's presented to you
through that camera I
resolution is essentially point spacing we talk about resolution
and how much space exists between the points
in the ski and added that you're collecting at the lowest resolution
skinner's gonna collect 3.7 million point in under two minutes
in a target all skin but most scans that we're collecting are captured in
medium resolution which is approximately 10 million points in a target all skin
evidently key items though can be scanned at high resolution
so you have better spacing and a more solid view up those objects within your
point cloud
the highest Fri Sep resolution is $370 million data points
measured in a target all but you can actually go in and set custom
resolutions that are higher than that
so within a very small window you can capture
up extremely high-resolution capture with the
the scan data points but the timing a bust a single scan capture
is roughly six minutes for the target all over medium resolution scan
approximately eight minutes for capturing all images all 260 images
in that honeycomb in and five to ten minutes for selecting in scanning your
targets
now the target that you select can scan within
each scan rolled are use later to register the skins to one another there
are other options for that were you can do a cloud to cloud registration for you
choose point in each key and and look at those points and others can tell the
software hey these are the same points
and registered the scan together by going in and manually choosing
targets I am so roughly we're looking at twenty
to 25 minutes timer set up depending on exactly what you're doing
I'm you know not every scan is going to require medium resolution if you're
doing a close quarters
scan a lot of the time lower resolution will actually
suffice and you can do a higher resolutions can adjust your evidence
items
it is all dictated by the situation and truly every situation is different
am the Ranger the skinners 300 meters at ninety percent reflectance
basically we're talking about reflectance were talking a year the
higher the number we're talking about things like stop signs and street signs
were they
reflect light much better I'll but typically
we get good soul train to 103 134 meters at eighty percent reflect internet
439 tree I truly do not realize
losing points I because worst too far away
139 treated a huge distance and we're using the scanner at much closer range
in that so this really is an issue that becomes
anything that we're tracking I we recently did a scan at work recover just
over a mile in 20 treestands
I'm with just targets collected our and no
the middle piece can so we can register all them together was quite an
interesting project
but I the distance was up no concern we were able to move that scanner
along at that distance quite easily I'm scam placement catcher scene is based on
your scanner settings
like I said you want to be close enough to you getting the points you are going
to expect
but also on line of sight if this if the laser can't see it it's not measuring it
so this very well may demand multiple scans for for capture oversight
you may end up with Boyd's are shadows in your skins and you have to figure out
what you're going to accept if you look at the top
photo I you can see where that target is just above
and laughed I love other the scam position in that circle
in the middle love that photo is a scam position the scanner cannot see below
blow itself that's always a boy that you're going to have within your skin
so beyond that target the scare couldn't see you have a shadow there
I am guaranteed because y'know the data that I'm collecting will be scrutinized
know maybe collect an extra skater to
so that I eliminate those shadows
there are some things that we had to learn about the scanner itself as we
were going through there is that Boyd
I when you're on the floors and away from the centre blazer out
is roughly a foot and two-inches' on the lowest tripod setting which puts the
laser-guided four-foot one
the boy roughly falls out about for football and then again at the highest
tripod sending that where the lasers at 65 its gonna fall out at about six foot
four and a half
so basically if you were to just hold the scanner down to the ground whatever
the height of the ski areas you're going to have a Boyd
underneath the scanner out where your gonna go to a secondary position and
scan back
and captured at Boyd we had a crime scene where our fellow had passed away
he was a hoarder any only move we could make within a department because the
cluttered nature
was in the vertical so we captured a scan from the floor we captured one from
the los tripod setting and one from the highest
and we were able to create a very good representation out that space
it also leads to tactical scanning
in the top photo that you're seeing I captured a total of 70 ans
but only four of them were all 360-degree she and the other three
work actual scan drivers backfilling shadowed areas
so that I knew that my product would be something dad
folks would be like why can't you see any points here I just went ahead and
did the data capture
so I didn't have to face those questions and I could focus on the important
things like the
measurability have the data that was collected you sit at table stand
up %uh on the photo below that actually use
I at a crime scene we really didn't have a good place to set up a tripod so we
use the table stand in all instances
and word was able to set out on a variety of services throughout the site
I also included the photo in arab the iPad because you can use something
called a windy wifi
to connect the iPad so you have the computer screen on the side of the
scanner
remotely projected to the iPad and you control it directly from the iPad
I mentioned earlier about our staff I'm
we have a total the people trained in using the like a sea tan
we have to buy better pretty solid in the computer work there is a better a
steeper learning curve for the cyclone our software suite
it's much easier to teach someone how to ski and at the scene
than it is to use the cyclone program that is a longer process getting folks
comfortable in that environment but on-site with step-by-step procedure in
hander 12 materials learn skin is a very simple process
it is I'll a computer driven process once you get back to the lab
everybody that we have is able to capture uploading protect their data set
in and like I said we have a small group of folks that are very comfortable about
going in and really working that data over
I'm in part that's because much our staff actually wasn't present when we
received our training in
in 2010 and 2011 and we're actually getting ready to
uphold a training session here with of folks in potentially some other area
agencies that are using the seat and
to build on some skin some basic skills for folks who did
have that original training I we also very extensively have used the help file
in like a support staff who had been fantastic
all along our ownership up the c10 these are the numbers for
seem to be scanned through the years 43 in 2011
I we were scanning a little bit more heavy-handed we would have a a
you know a something that appeared to be a natural death after some think that
appear to be an accidental death he would go on working with the precautions
that we do
any tax each I N even know there was no out you know smoking gun or knife in the
back we would still scandal site so we ended up with a few extra scant
that year and where 34 for this year I'm
you have to have it. by introduce you need to support a computer folks
because you're going to end up depending on how many scans are capturing a year
with a fairly large volume
above askin data here are some examples:
I love file size is that we've ended up with
the scans that we've collected on site and I think it at eight good
reference so you can I say hey if I black like 15 she enrolled medium
resolution with images are looking at about 16 gigabytes
a data are the primary types about put art review
snapshots flight your animation and nothing
I'll talk about nothing first because while it's nothing
if a case is determined to be non-criminal if you go out scan
a death scene and it's ruled an accidental it's ruled a natural and it's
determined that no seen work is needed from that scan data
what you just uploaded the tuck it away and if it ever needed in the future for
any reason you have it
but generally speaking you have no work that needs to happen at the office
but the height your animations you've already seen one of them will have a few
more as we go on here
but I that's basically creating an animation
moving through space not time it is not a recreation
have any event there are folks who take scan data and will create recreation of
the week
what we're presenting is a trip through that SpaceX what I want to show you is
the
TrueView which is our primary means of communicating scan data
to investigators now what we're looking at here the site map
it's a top-down view slightly from an angle love a crime scene
where I collected three scans those three scandal to represented in the true
view by
a triangle that triangle could be double click and it takes the investigator
into the panoramic image that was captured
by the scanner overlaid with the points so basically we're looking at a photo in
points overlaid with one another
giving not only the ability to navigate the pair and make image that was
captured but also to choose any point within that area
and quick to point to getting a measurement between them so it is a very
powerful tool
that we can give investigators very shortly after leaving the scene
I am so that they can navigate a crime scene
I like your perspective to my site map by integrating
GIS maps and photos with the scanned at I've collected
truthfully if you're just looking from the top down at cat scan data it might
be hard to orientate yourself to where you are so what I will do
is include a photograph that was captured from our GIS geographic
information system
and I give a street or building or something that can reference the
position of that data
I snapshots are wanna be other takes about puts and that's basically just
a spazz statics shot a static beaudo
the point cloud data from any perspective so this is
a again an overhead view showing the position other data set within a GIS
photo
and then in this particular instance there was really no forensic
information that could be provided for this case there were two people wanna
fight no one was disputing that they were in a fight with each other
then it up rolling down a hill and one of them was killed in the process of
rolling down the hill in a fight I am you know
ultimately the legality of how to charge something like this is left to the
prosecutors but
if I were fingerprint the inside a vehicle today it started despite and
it's not going to tell me anything because
everyone's in consensus everyone did is involved was in the vehicle
I you know looking at are bloodstains on her clothing
may or may not be be relevant but
all I could do in this instance which provide a snapshot showing the distance
to travel down the hell
and the total elevation jail really looking at the sea and Adam looking at
everything that we had correctly this was the best I could do for this
particular case I hope in general
ensuring success for us men generating excitement we needed to have combined to
conquer fears
up this equipment and we actually went out scan some really neat
sites up with our scanner when we first got it
we went out to the Kansas City Liberty Memorial it's the premier world where
one memorial
in the country if you ever get out this way recommend checking out
phenomenal place to visit me went out ski and that site
I'm really amazing and compelling data and putting it together was fun because
we all enjoyed that as a
a monument Afar region we also went out ski and
Union Station which is actually was an exercise in crime scene reconstruction
because if the Union Station massacre that occurred on june seventeenth
1933 work for law enforcement officers and and jelly Nash a monster was killed
in an ambush act Union Station she can you bring that video and please
we captured the the daddy your gonna see here probably three months after we
obtain our scanner
I we're still not validated with this foreseen use we were capturing
data on scene but we were still using are validated methods but this was one
of the first times we really put something together we were like
you know this has the amazing potential for presentation
I have in inquire rooms and and and media rep
on crime scene and really having a unique perspective
on a what you're you're looking at in this particular incident
instance this video was created after capturing by positions at Union Station
I'm we kinda just flew through the wall there and as we fight you this here
you'll see squiggly lines
squiggly lines are people walking in front of the scanner I am
they can very easily be turned
of you can turn those points off so the noises eliminated
from your scan data and if we ever do that to take out
I a car that is driven through a crime scene while we were scanning
or person the waterfront the scanner we maintain
a very pristine copy of our original scan data
in an hour output may be cleaned up to reduce the noise that is presented
when we're actually creating exhibits ***
I'm we're about objectivity where
a crime lab a rascal accredited and
you know objectivity is a process is something that's being studied by crime
labs
and forensic responders around the country we met with prosecutors and
district attorneys to make sure there would be by an honest
we needed to be sure that what we were capturing would have value and quirks
and thus far it has you know we've use this in court
three separate times and recently here in September there was a
federal dabba hearing in Albuquerque over the you serve
a like a scan data in court it was six
it was a success for the use of the scanner in court
three times that we've used it we have not been questioned at all it's just
been admitted as
measurement data that was collected on scene and what people really the
they lookin like how can you explain what this thing is doing and I say you
know what
basically it it's a very complex
tape measure and I i noted that sound bad to put it that way but it is
something that's collecting measurement data
its it's a very complex protractor area early or theodolite for those
from the total station Roberts collecting angles and measurements
that are used in conjunction is a very complex instrument in collecting these
and as long as we're following through with quality assurance and quality
control showing that those measurements
are sound it really is just a measurement tool
I'm with accreditation comes great responsibility I'm a movie fan so I drew
a little bit from my
spider-man if you would to come up with that one but it's the truth
establishing protocols and procedures for use it allows for standardization
and it's going to prevent problems when you're looking at
all your individual users within an in agency you want to have protocols
and as a side note we're happy to share our protocols we are happy to share the
processes
that we went through invalidation these are things that we're
very happy to share as a an accredited laboratory
and I we enjoy working with other labs because whenever we engage other labs
that are using this
technology we learn from them as they learn from us
and the other thing it that's come about recently as Dec you know as crime scene
investigators that are certified through the II
like a training program is approved Friday I certification training our so
that's something that can help us maintain our certification which all
comes full circle to the accreditation
issues that we face is laboratories so
in the validation we basically went out and said measurement out
that we had no measurements and we recorded
the distances and basically did a very I
Lake the collection of data and was able to crunch down the numbers
I creating something that was a very thorough validation up this device
I one of the things that are quality manager does love is the fact that
but mike has available in this certified went our reports and missed
traceable artifact and that about 20 poll
from Target to target is one point 700 meters as
a it's presented by like a and nest actually certifies that
device it has to be I calibrated and it is in distress March
artifacts are within each scan we can go in
during the scan process if you see the photo below my tax
that actually showing an onsite validation up to targets
collected on scene so it's a very powerful tool for that
when you look at crime scene reconstruction as a process
this is an actual site that we captured with and recorded measurements
and were asked to map out a scene in the courtroom bilang take down on the floor
we have come so very far from that process
with the scanner I'm able to scan a site and
look at it from above cutting walls away cutting the ceiling way to get a
much clearer perspective up what was they re 3d perspective what was there in
this particular instance there was a young lady seated on a couch
and her sister was lying in the bed she lead over with a pistol and shot her
sister who was sitting on a couch
I can show unique perspectives cutaway views
and really make a compelling presentation what was located at my
scene
my goal is to present an objective representation of the spatial
relationships
at these crime scenes take example I here a fan of troubleshooting
we have two patrol cars in a vehicle a little bit ahead
the actual vehicle that was involved in the shooting was parked between the from
patrol car
and the other vehicle we can show very unique perspectives
the ball the lower photograph is actually showing the view through the
patrol car
front window I it allows us to move around and
really look at the scene up from just a variety perspective they can give
insight to
what you're seeing as evidence this is the true view view
where you can see the 3d cartridge casings that have been Marcon circle
bear within the scan
I'm at this particular scene this was a pretty free
open area we actually captured this for two scans
year onsite scanning were done within 45 minutes
at the scene so was a very quick process
area locked up for sex and again an overhead view
I'm we could show the distance very easily from vehicle to vehicle
and what was interesting about this is that the vehicle that had left the scene
that I had engaged the officer in the sheepish
was later recovered with three bullets that had been fired into it and yet
you're the three
trajectories that were calculated within that shooting reconstruction
a very powerful and compelling documentation up that process
intensity mapping view that I talked about earlier
can be used to very clearly depict fire scenes
I'm it actually depicting a measure up reflectance
and when we're looking at a fire scene something that looks black
maybe a subtle difference in this plaque from nap black you basically have
something on the
grayscale words a little bit different here than it is here but you can see
with your naked eye
the scanner is actually measuring at reflectance so you get a much clearer
view up damage patterns at fire scenes
here's a a few more examples from fire scene
I'm baffin post last an explosion scenes with actually had three explosion seems
we work want pat recently
where we ended up collecting nine scans and an apartment explosion
and dusky and the targets that were placed in the scans
were out very well place we were able to scan data together within about two
hours
and about four hours after leaving scene we had usable
apply to your data to be can present to investigators and usable point cloud
that we could navigate
quite easily we're using our skin also for large skinny projects
a homeland security considerations scanning schools
skinning office buildings it's something that we've had in the works for some
time now
I we actually use our laboratory is a a pilot for this
were recaptured 152 difference can world at our laboratory
there were 52 captured outside we ended up with sexy a gigabyte subtotal battle
because at close quarters whiskey and at lower resolution
Shane if you would bring that last video and please
this is %uh fly-around showing our crime laboratory
and there we go and again this is 52 scans from outside the building we did
12 from the roof so we really had full coverage
I you know this was impart up
for security it was in part are building at the time
and and still is one of the most cutting-edge our laboratories in the
country
I are our director a you know uses this when he talks about different facets of
the building
I am we just received elite platinum award you could see the solar panels on
the roof console or accelerators
so we use this not only for security but also like I said
a for a bit above show-and-tell about what our crime lab
a is chain UN pull that of
but want a full screen there area you know it's
II and probably bleed through but I love working with the laser scanner
and I enjoy making out put it something that I've taken on as
I just you know a personal passion
within the field a crime scene investigation and you know this has been
one of the most
most earth-shattering think I have an opportunity to work with in my years as
a crime scene investigator so
I appreciate the time and I'm boy take questions