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The last time we did a story on Nelson Mandela, 本節目上次報道曼德拉事跡時
we described him as the most admired human being alive. 我們形容他是在世最受人景仰人物
We can't say that any more today. 此話今天再不適用
The great man died on Thursday. He was ninety-five years old. 一代偉人周四辭世,終年95歲
The most remarkable thing about Mandela 曼德拉過人之處
was not just that he liberated a nation from racial oppression, 並不是解放民族,擺脫種族壓迫
but that he forgave the men who stole his life from him, 而是他寬恕了剝奪自己半生的人
who kept him in jail for twenty-seven years. 寬恕了要他繫獄27年的人
That's why he is viewed by so many as nothing less than a saint, 所以在許多人眼中,他與聖人無異
a view which he always found dreadfully embarrassing. 一直以來,這種崇拜讓他無比難堪
We thought it would be appropriate today to glance at the life, 今天回看他這一生時
not of Mandela the man of history, that's pretty well known, 且不看人所共識的歷史偉人曼德拉
but at Nelson, the human being, 而是回看常人曼德拉
father, husband, cellmate, friend. 一個父親、丈夫、囚友、朋友
For the last few years, he'd hardly ever been seen in public. 過去幾年,他絕少公開露面
He left home only for very special occasions, 僅在特別場合才踏出家門
like a visit to the school of his great granddaughter Zenani. 諸如參觀曾孫女澤娜妮的學校
And where do you come from? 你由哪裏來?
I come from London. 我來自倫敦
- From London? - Yes. 倫敦? 對
- Have you met the Queen there? - No, not yet. I... 見過英女王沒有? 還沒有...
That's the Mandela who spent 27 years without seeing a single child. 那是27年未見過小朋友的曼德拉
It's the Mandela revealed in a book published in 2010: 那是2010年出版的書裏的曼德拉
Conversations with Myself, 書名《與自己對話》
a collection of his letters, prison diaries, scribblings. 輯錄了他的書信、獄中日記和雜記
It was compiled with his permission by Verne Harris, 經他授權由哈里斯輯錄成書
chief archivist at the Mandela Foundation. 哈里斯是曼德拉基金會的檔案官
He's said, "I don't want you to ask me, 他吩咐:我不想你請示我
'Is this too personal, is this too potentially embarrassing?" 別問這會否太私人,這會否難堪
He wants to see the Mandela as they say, warts and all? 他要真正的曼德拉,好醜如實?
He said, "You don't have to protect me." 他說:你用不著保護我
Mandela kept records of everything, 曼德拉甚麼都保留下來
in desk calendars, memo pads, every scrap of paper he could lay his hands on. 案頭日曆、便條紙、隨手的紙張
That writing is incredible, it's tiny. 那手字真是不可思議,蠅頭小字
The most revealing are two notebooks 最能流露真情的兩本筆記本
with draft of letters he wrote from Robben Island, 內有他在羅本島寫的信件的草稿
the apartheid regime's Alcatraz, 羅本島是白人政權時代的海中監獄
where he was serving a life sentence for sabotage. 他因破壞顛覆罪給送來終身監禁
This is the only footage we have of Mandela, the prisoner. 這是我們僅有的曼德拉獄中片段
He was allowed to send and receive one letter every six months. 他在獄中每六個月只能收發一封信
And the letters reveal that his passion for his wife Winnie never waned. 那些信流露他對妻子雲妮熱愛不減
What a masterpiece, he wrote, after she sent him a picture of herself. 收到雲妮的照片後,他盛讚是傑作
"The picture has aroused all the tender feelings in me “照片撩動我心中柔情”
and softened the grimness that is all around. “緩和我四周的陰暗”
It has sharpened my longing for you and our sweet and peaceful home." “激發我對你和安樂家庭的渴望”
Amandla. Amandla. 力量!力量!
Winnie had become Mandela's voice on the outside 雲妮是曼德拉獄外的發言人
and the apartheid regime came down on her with a vengeance. 遭受白人政權嚴厲打壓
She was repeatedly thrown into jail and tortured. 接連給逮捕入獄和受虐
The struggle was now not only devastating their lives, 抗爭不獨摧毀了夫妻生活
their two young daughters had been effectively abandoned. 兩名年幼女兒也變相無父無母
Mandela was incredibly blunt about what awaited them. 曼德拉向女兒直言她們的命運
"My darlings," he wrote. "Once again, our beloved mommy has been arrested “親愛的,媽媽再一次被捕”
and now she and daddy are away in jail. “現在她和爸爸均為階下囚”
You may live like orphans, without your own home and parents. “你們跟孤兒無異,沒家沒父母”
You will get no birthday or Christmas parties, “沒生日會或聖誕派對”
no present or new dresses, no shoes or toys." “沒禮物或新衣,沒鞋或玩具”
What does it feel like reading it today? 今天讀來是甚麼滋味?
It takes me back to very difficult times. 讓我回想那段艱難日子
And, again, it's still not easy to talk about those times. 要我談論那段日子仍然不容易
Mandela's youngest daughter Zindzi 曼德拉的幼女津齊
was a toddler when he was taken away. 父親被捕時還是個學行孩子
She didn't see him again until she was 15 and traveled to visit him on the island. 直至15歲到羅本島探監才再見父親
They were separated by a glass partition, guards listened to every word. 父女隔著玻璃見面,獄警在旁監聽
He's, he was so protective and, and so charming 他十分保護我,十分有風度
and he tried to make me imagine sitting at home on his lap in front of the fireplace 讓我幻想坐在他膝上,對住壁爐
and him reading me a story. 聽他說故事
- Did you cry? - Yes, I did. 你有哭嗎? 我哭了
- Did he cry? - No, he didn't. 他有哭嗎? 他沒有
I mean, like, I've very rarely seen my father like even close to tears. 就是父親幾近落淚也難得一見
But Mandela wrote with tears of what he went through when his mother died 但曼德拉帶淚記下喪母之痛
and when his eldest son Thembi was killed in a car crash. 還有長子廷比車禍身亡的喪子之情
"The news was broken to me at 2:30 PM," he wrote. “我下午2時接獲死訊”
"Suddenly my heart had seemed to stop beating, “突然間,心跳像停頓下來”
and the warm blood that had freely flowed in my veins for the last fifty-one years “51年來在體內自由流動的熱血”
froze into ice." “剎那凝固成冰”
Mandela asked for permission to leave the island and attend their funerals. 曼德拉要求出獄參加二人的喪禮
The authorities said no. 當局拒絕
Mac Maharaj, a fellow prisoner, says Mandela didn't even wince. 囚友馬哈拉杰說曼德拉沒哼一聲
He had to hold his emotions tightly to himself. 他牢牢按捺自己的情緒
He could not divulge to the authorities 決不能讓當局知道
and let them feel that this was a weakness in his armor. 不能讓他們知道他的盔甲裏有弱點
Reveal nothing. That was Mandela's strategy 不動聲色,那是曼德拉的策略
and organize the prisoners into a government in waiting. 並把囚犯組織成候任政府
He never doubted that the racist regime would be overthrown. 他從不懷疑白人政權終必倒台
So even back then, he started preparing. 所以一早就著手準備
First move: learn the language of the oppressor, Afrikaans. 第一步:學習南非白人說的南非語
The language of the enemy? 敵人的語言?
The language of the enemy and I was totally opposed to it. 敵人的語言,我極力反對
And he said to me, "Mac, do you agree that we are now in a protracted war?" 他問:你同意這是一場持久戰?
I said, "Yes." 我答:同意
He says, "You've got to understand the general on the other side." 他說:那就得了解對方的領軍大將
I said, "Yes." 我答:是的
He says, "To understand him, you've got to know his language." 他答:要了解他,先要懂他的語言
The book contains defiant letters Mandela wrote to the authorities 書裏也有寫給當局的抗議信
reminding them that, as political prisoners, they had rights 提醒當局政治犯有政治犯的權利
and should be treated with dignity. 應得有尊嚴的待遇
In response, he got a visit from a general 這些信換來一名將軍到訪
who was intent on putting Mandela in his place. 要來挫他銳氣
And he says to Mandela, 他向曼德拉說:
"Mandela? You better remember you are a prisoner." 曼德拉:你要記住自己是囚犯
And in a very polite way he says to him, 曼德拉彬彬有禮地回答:
"General, you and I may be generals on the opposite side of this war. 將軍,你我是敵對陣營的將領
At some point, even if it is to accept the surrender from the other, 他日縱是只是為了接受對方投降
we'll have to meet 我們也必再碰頭
And how we treat each other now will determine how we interact at that moment." 今天一見將決定下次見面的情況
The regime was then forced to change its strategy. 白人政權之後被逼改變策略
It tried to undermine Mandela in the most insidious way. 以陰險手法動搖曼德拉
He was moved to a private house in a prison on the mainland, 把他移送至本土一間房子囚禁
equipped with a chef and a swimming pool. 有廚子服侍,有泳池可用
Officials came to see him, brought along a case of wine, and tempted him to sell out. 官員帶來一箱酒,利誘他出賣民族
This was the key moment for me in Nelson Mandela's life. 這是曼德拉人生裏一個關鍵時刻
This was when he was most at risk, 這是他最危險的時刻
because he starts negotiating from prison on his own. 因為他在單獨囚禁期間開始談判
He's incredibly vulnerable. 形勢極其脆弱
What could have happened to him? 他會有甚麼危險?
He could have been played into making concessions. 有機會給游說讓步
He could have been played into compromising himself 有機會行差踏錯
in ways that would have been irredeemable. 失誤無可挽回
And he didn't make one mistake. 但他絲毫沒有犯錯
So when he walked out of prison, he knew, the world knew, 所以出獄時,他自知,世人也知...
that he was walking to the presidency, 他將會當上總統
taking over the country that had been run by white racists for more than forty years. 接管受白人統治四十多年的國家
How do you explain that incredible confidence? 你怎解釋那份超然自信?
You know I think from very early on, he had a very strong sense of destiny. 我認為他老早已接受是命中註定
But the country was on the brink of a civil war. 但當時國家瀕臨內戰
He ruled with the exact same strategy he had employed as a prisoner. 他沿用在獄中的策略來管治國家
Don't go for revenge. Go for reconciliation. 不求冤冤相報,力求和解
He showed up at the finals of rugby's World Cup. 他出席欖球世界盃決賽
This was the white sport in South Africa. 欖球在南非是白人運動
And here was a black president wearing the team jersey, waving the team cap. 現在黑人總統穿上國家隊球衣球帽
Spectators, the team, were stunned. 歡眾和球隊無不震驚
And Nelson Mandela is cheering along with the whole of the stadium. 曼德拉與全場球迷一起喝采
Mandela had won again. 曼德拉再勝一仗
He brought Afrikaners into his government, 他羅致南非白人加入政府
including Zelda La Grange. 包括拉格蘭奇
This is Zelda back then. 這是當年拉格蘭奇
She was a typist in the presidential office building when Mandela took over. 曼德拉接任時,她是總統府打字員
One day she literally bumped into him in a corridor. 有天在走廊裏碰上曼德拉
And he stopped me and he started speaking in Afrikaans with me. 他截住我,用南非語跟我說話
- In Afrikaans? - That's right. 南非語? 是的
And I didn't understand a word he was saying because I was so shocked. 我驚魂未定,所以一個字也聽不懂
There was a feeling of guilt immediately overtaking my emotions 內疚之情鋪天蓋地而來
that I felt responsible for taking away so many years of his life. 他喪失多年自由,我自覺也有責任
You broke down? 你崩潰了?
Yes, yes, I started crying. 是的,我哭了
Mandela hired Zelda, brought her into his office. 曼德拉請澤爾黛到總統辦公室工作
Zelda La Grange... 澤爾黛拉格蘭奇...
He wanted his old oppressors to know they'd be okay in the new South Africa. 他要顯示新南非有白人立足之地
Zelda La Grange had a role to play. 拉格蘭奇扮演了示範角色
- So it was a political decision, you think. - Yes, definitely. 那是政治決定? 毫無疑問
There was some political thinking behind it for sure, some strategy, absolutely. 背後一定有政治考慮,肯定是策略
It wasn't long before Zelda became his most trusted assistant. 澤爾黛很快當上他最信賴的助理
For the last nineteen years, 過去19年
every pop star, politician, president or pope 不管歌星、政客、總統或教宗
who wanted to see the great man knew enough to cozy up to Zelda La Grange. 要想拜會偉人,先過拉格蘭奇一關
...still recognize her. ...還認得她
We asked her about their relationship when we interviewed her back in 2010. 2010年訪問時,我們問過二人關係
And you became his granddaughter, didn't you? 你好比他的孫女兒?
No, I, I mean, I love him like my, you know, my own family so. 不是,我愛他如愛親人
Love is the word? 是愛?
Definitely. Adore, love, admire. 肯定有愛,敬愛、親愛、愛戴
It wasn't just Zelda. 不獨澤爾黛如此
Mandela was winning the love and admiration of, well, just about everyone. 曼德拉贏得幾乎所有人的愛戴
But he couldn't hold on to the woman he had adored for forty years, his wife Winnie. 卻留不住他愛慕40年的妻子雲妮
They were divorced in 1996. 二人於1996年離婚
And his daughter Zindzi? 還有女兒津齊?
Whenever he had to choose, 每當要取捨
your father chose the struggle over his family. 令尊總是取抗爭而捨家庭
Did that make you angry? 你可有為此憤怒?
Oh, yes, it did. Of course, it did. 有的,當然有
I would get hurt. I would get angry, especially when I was younger. 我會傷心、氣憤,尤其是年輕時
I mean I grew up wanting my father to come back home, 成長年間,恨不得父親回家來
wanting to be an ordinary family. 恨不得有個普通家庭
I don't know what that was like to have a father, you know, to tuck me in at night. 我未嚐過父親抱我上床蓋被的滋味
On his eightieth birthday, Mandela married Graca Machel, 他80歲那天與格拉薩馬謝爾結婚
and finally found happiness. 終於覓得幸福
They had a lot in common. 二人有許多共通點
She had also been a political activist, a freedom fighter. 她也是政治運動家,是自由戰士
When we interviewed Graca in 2010, 2010年訪問格拉薩時
we asked her what her husband was like before he got ill. 我們問她丈夫重病前是怎樣的人
Does he ever get angry? 他會不會發怒?
Very. Oh, don't want to be next to him when he is angry. 會的,他發怒時,生人勿近
And it's not just anger. 不只發怒一樣
Graca, who called her husband Madiba, 格拉薩喚丈夫馬迪巴
says he was stubborn, too trusting, 她說丈夫固執,輕信別人
and excessively loyal to people who did not deserve it. 對不配的人過分忠誠
I am one of those who say, he is not a saint. 我第一個說他不是聖人
- Madiba is a normal human being. - A normal human being. 馬迪巴是常人一個 常人一個
- Absolutely normal. But... 絕對平常,但是...
Excuse me. 恕難同意
He spent twenty-seven years in jail. 他過了27年牢獄生涯
And when he got out, 出獄後
he forgave the people who put him in jail and who stole his life from him. 寬恕讓他繫獄半生的人
This is not normal. 這不平常
Let me try to explain. Madiba understood the importance 聽我解釋,馬迪巴明白...
of suppressing his own feelings against those who had jailed him. 不能外露對囚禁自己的人的情緒
So even when he would be very angry, even when he would be very hurt, 所以縱然滿腔怒憤、滿心傷痛
but he will try always to put up a face which they wouldn't read through it. 他也不形於色,不讓人看透
He kept wearing that stone face for the rest of his life, 半生戴著面罩,不露真情
even when his eldest son died of AIDS in 2005. 即使2005年長子死於愛滋病也如此
And five years later, when his favorite great grand-daughter Zenani, 五年後,他最疼愛的曾孫女澤娜妮
who you saw at the beginning of this story, 就是報道初段所見那位
was killed in a car crash. 死於車禍
This happened on the eve of the World Cup in South Africa in 2010 事為2010年南非世界盃開幕前夕
and Mandela had been expected to attend. 曼德拉原定會出席
No one knew if he would make it, he was so sad, so frail. 誰也不知道哀傷體弱的他會否露面
But then, there he was. 結果,他出席了
Once again, for the last time, 再一次,也是最後一次
Nelson Mandela lit up the world with his smile. 曼德拉以微笑照亮這個世界
翻譯:馮亦儀